Gymnopus fusipes (Bull.) Gray
(Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank)

Interactions where Gymnopus fusipes is the controlling partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Calluna vulgaris	Heather	Ericales: Ericaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/	Calluna vulgaris	heather		live	root		Rare
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Betula	birches	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula/	Betula	birches		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Carpinus betulus	Hornbeam	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Carpinus betulus/	Carpinus betulus	hornbeam		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Corylus	hazels	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/	Corylus	hazels		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Castanea sativa	Sweet Chestnut	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Castanea sativa/	Castanea sativa	sweet chestnut		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks		live	root		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Fraxinus	ashes	Lamiales: Oleaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Oleaceae/Fraxinus/	Fraxinus	ashes		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Tilia	limes	Malvales: Malvaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malvales/Malvaceae/Tilia/	Tilia	limes		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			PINOPSIDA	conifers		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/	Pinopsida	conifers		live	root		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody infects and damages live root			Pinus sylvestris	Scots Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/	Gymnopus fusipes	spindle toughshank, spindle shank				fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus sylvestris/	Pinus sylvestris	Scots pine		live	root		Minor

Gymnopus fusipes (Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Gymnopus fusipes (Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Author & Year	Title	Source
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Gymnopus fusipes (Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank)
Genus	Gymnopus (a genus of toughshank toadstools)
Family	OMPHALOTACEAE (a family of toadstools)
Order	AGARICALES (mushrooms and toadstools)
Class	AGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Gymnopus fusipes is also a member of:
Macromycetes - larger fungi, macrofungi (via Agaricales)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Gymnopus fusipes (Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank)

Identification Works

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Forest Research	2009	Path News Issue 19: October 2009

Gymnopus fusipes (Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Gymnopus
(a genus of toughshank toadstools)

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Gymnopus fusipes (Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank):

Gymnopus
(a genus of toughshank toadstools)

OMPHALOTACEAE
(a family of toadstools)

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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