Leymus arenarius (lyme-grass)

Interactions where Leymus arenarius is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is foodplant of larva	Demetrias monostigma	a ground beetle	Coleoptera: Carabidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Carabidae/Demetrias (Demetrias) monostigma/	Demetrias (Demetrias) monostigma	a ground beetle			larva	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass						larva feeds on
	has sap sucked by adult	[Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.]	cinchbugs	Hemiptera: Lygaeidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Ischnodemus sabuleti agg./	Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.	cinchbugs			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass						adult sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by nymph	[Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.]	cinchbugs	Hemiptera: Lygaeidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Ischnodemus sabuleti agg./	Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.	cinchbugs			nymph	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass						nymph sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by	Rhopalosiphum padi	Bird-cherry Aphid, Bird Cherry-oat Aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Rhopalosiphum padi/	Rhopalosiphum padi	bird-cherry aphid, bird cherry-oat aphid				Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass						sucks sap of
	is associate of fruitbody	Rhodocybe gemina	a toadstool	Agaricales: Entolomataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Entolomataceae/Rhodocybe gemina/	Rhodocybe gemina	a toadstool			fruitbody	Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass				Rare		fruitbody is associated with
(dead, decayed)	dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody	Mycena chlorantha	a bonnet	Agaricales: Mycenaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Mycena chlorantha/	Mycena chlorantha	a bonnet			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead, decayed		debris	Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed debris
(live)	live has sap sucked by	Metopolophium dirhodum	Rose-grain Aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Metopolophium (Metopolophium) dirhodum/	Metopolophium (Metopolophium) dirhodum	rose-grain aphid				Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live					sucks sap of live
(live)	live is parasitised by	Blumeria graminis	Grass Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Blumeria graminis/	Blumeria graminis	grass mildew				Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live					parasitises live
culm (esp surrounding internodes) (live)	live culm (esp surrounding internodes) is parasitised by long, linear, erumpent sorus	Ustilago hypodytes	Stem Smut Of Grasses	Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago hypodytes/	Ustilago hypodytes	stem smut of grasses	long, linear, erumpent		sorus	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	culm (esp surrounding internodes)		Major		long, linear, erumpent sorus parasitises live culm (esp surrounding internodes)
culm	culm is decayed by grouped, at first subepidermal, dark brown pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph	Stagonospora arenaria var arenaria	a coelomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Stagonospora arenaria var. arenaria/	Stagonospora arenaria var. arenaria	a coelomycete	grouped, at first subepidermal, dark brown	pycnidium	Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass		culm			(5-10)	grouped, at first subepidermal, dark brown pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on culm
inflorescence	inflorescence is parasitised by Sphacelia anamorph	Claviceps purpurea	Ergot	Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Claviceps purpurea/	Claviceps purpurea	ergot			Sphacelia anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass		inflorescence			(7)	Sphacelia anamorph parasitises inflorescence
inflorescence	inflorescence may be infected and damaged by sclerotium	Claviceps purpurea	Ergot	Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Claviceps purpurea/	Claviceps purpurea	ergot			sclerotium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass		inflorescence			(9-11)	sclerotium infects and damages inflorescence
inflorescence (live)	live inflorescence is spotted by linear, long covered by epidermis telium	Puccinia striiformis var striiformis	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis/	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis	a rust fungus	linear, long covered by epidermis		telium	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	inflorescence				linear, long covered by epidermis telium causes spots on live inflorescence
leaf	leaf is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	Dothideales: Saccotheciaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Saccotheciaceae/Pseudoseptoria donacis/	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	immersed, crowded or in rows	pycnidium	Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass		leaf			(5-7)	immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Coniothyrium psammae	a coelomycete	Pleosporales: Coniothyriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Coniothyriaceae/Coniothyrium psammae/	Coniothyrium psammae	a coelomycete		pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	leaf			(8-1)	pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by immersed pseudothecium	Keissleriella culmifida	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Lentitheciaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Lentitheciaceae/Keissleriella culmifida/	Keissleriella culmifida	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	leaf			(5-10)	immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria marram	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria marram/	Phaeosphaeria marram	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	leaf			(5-6)	immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria nigrans	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nigrans/	Phaeosphaeria nigrans	an ascomycete	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	leaf			(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by perithecium	Anthostomella arenaria	a pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Xylariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Anthostomella arenaria/	Anthostomella arenaria	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	leaf			(8-9)	perithecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by clypeate perithecium	Anthostomella chionostoma	a pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Xylariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Anthostomella chionostoma/	Anthostomella chionostoma	a pyrenomycete	clypeate		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	leaf			(9)	clypeate perithecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dry, dead)	dry, dead leaf is decayed by superficial perithecium	Niesslia exosporioides	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Niessliaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Niessliaceae/Niesslia exosporioides/	Niesslia exosporioides	a pyrenomycete	superficial		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dry, dead	leaf		Minor	(4-8)	superficial perithecium is saprobic on dry, dead leaf
leaf (live, blistered)	live, blistered leaf of often non-flowering is spotted by long, linear, erumpent sorus	Ustilago hypodytes	Stem Smut Of Grasses	Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago hypodytes/	Ustilago hypodytes	stem smut of grasses	long, linear, erumpent		sorus	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live, blistered	leaf	often non-flowering			long, linear, erumpent sorus causes spots on live, blistered leaf of often non-flowering
leaf (live, blistered)	live, blistered leaf is spotted by long, linear, erumpent sorus	Ustilago serpens	a stripe smut of grasses	Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago serpens/	Ustilago serpens	a stripe smut of grasses	long, linear, erumpent		sorus	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live, blistered	leaf				long, linear, erumpent sorus causes spots on live, blistered leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium secalis	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium secalis/	Rhynchosporium secalis	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism	immersed	stromatic	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	leaf				immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by uredium	Puccinia elymi	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia elymi/	Puccinia elymi	a rust fungus			uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	leaf				uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous telium	Puccinia elymi	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia elymi/	Puccinia elymi	a rust fungus	hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	leaf				hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by linear, mainly epiphyllous uredium	Puccinia striiformis var striiformis	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis/	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis	a rust fungus	linear, mainly epiphyllous		uredium	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	leaf				linear, mainly epiphyllous uredium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by linear, long covered by epidermis telium	Puccinia striiformis var striiformis	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis/	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis	a rust fungus	linear, long covered by epidermis		telium	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	leaf				linear, long covered by epidermis telium causes spots on live leaf
sheath	sheath is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	Dothideales: Saccotheciaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Saccotheciaceae/Pseudoseptoria donacis/	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	immersed, crowded or in rows	pycnidium	Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass		sheath			(5-7)	immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is spotted by immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium secalis	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium secalis/	Rhynchosporium secalis	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism	immersed	stromatic	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	sheath				immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live sheath
stem (usu. near base) (dead)	dead stem (usu. near base) is decayed by fruitbody	Hohenbuehelia culmicola	Marram Oyster	Agaricales: Pleurotaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pleurotaceae/Hohenbuehelia culmicola/	Hohenbuehelia culmicola	marram oyster			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem (usu. near base)		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem (usu. near base)
stem (usu. near base) (dying)	dying stem (usu. near base) is decayed by fruitbody	Hohenbuehelia culmicola	Marram Oyster	Agaricales: Pleurotaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pleurotaceae/Hohenbuehelia culmicola/	Hohenbuehelia culmicola	marram oyster			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dying	stem (usu. near base)		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dying stem (usu. near base)
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by immersed pseudothecium	Keissleriella culmifida	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Lentitheciaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Lentitheciaceae/Keissleriella culmifida/	Keissleriella culmifida	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem			(5-10)	immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pseudothecium	Murispora rubicunda	an ascomycete	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Murispora rubicunda/	Murispora rubicunda	an ascomycete			pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem		Major	(3-5)	pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria graminis	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria graminis/	Phaeosphaeria graminis	an ascomycete	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem		Minor	(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria nigrans	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nigrans/	Phaeosphaeria nigrans	an ascomycete	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem			(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria vagans	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria vagans/	Phaeosphaeria vagans	an ascomycete			pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem			(4-8)	pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pycnidium of Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph	Phaeosphaeria vagans	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria vagans/	Phaeosphaeria vagans	an ascomycete		pycnidium	Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem				pycnidium of Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by immersed pseudothecium	Pleospora phaeocomoides	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Pleospora phaeocomoides/	Pleospora phaeocomoides	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem			(2-10)	immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pseudothecium	Pleospora rubelloides	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Pleospora rubelloides/	Pleospora rubelloides	an ascomycete			pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem			(4-8)	pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by erumpent apothecium	Lophodermium culmigenum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium culmigenum/	Lophodermium culmigenum	a discomycete	erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem			(3-8)	erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph	Apiospora montagnei	an ascomycete fungus	Apiosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Apiosporaceae/Apiospora montagnei/	Apiospora montagnei	an ascomycete fungus		colony	Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem				colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph	Arthrinium phaeospermum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Apiosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Apiosporaceae/Arthrinium phaeospermum/	Arthrinium phaeospermum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	dead	stem			(esp. 7-8)	colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (live)	live stem is spotted by linear, long covered by epidermis telium	Puccinia striiformis var striiformis	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis/	Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis	a rust fungus	linear, long covered by epidermis		telium	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Leymus arenarius/	Leymus arenarius	lyme-grass	live	stem				linear, long covered by epidermis telium causes spots on live stem

Species	Leymus arenarius (Lyme-grass)
Genus	Leymus (lyme-grasses)
Family	POACEAE (grasses, couch)
Order	POALES (grasses, sedges & rushes)
Subclass	LILIIDAE (monocotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst.
(Lyme-grass)

Interactions where Leymus arenarius is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Leymus arenarius is also a member of:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Braun, U., 1995	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fjelddalen, J., 1964	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962	Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.