Picris hieracioides L.
(Hawkweed Ox-tongue)

Interactions where Picris hieracioides is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		may have adult			Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis/	Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis	a leaf beetle				adult	Plant / resting place / on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue							(4-9)	adult may be found on
(live)		live is parasitised by			Golovinomyces cichoracearum	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/	Golovinomyces cichoracearum	a powdery mildew					Foodplant / parasite		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live						parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by pycnium			Puccinia hieracii var hieracii	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/	Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii	a rust fungus				pycnium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live			Minor			pycnium parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by uredinoid aecium			Puccinia hieracii var hieracii	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/	Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii	a rust fungus		uredinoid		aecium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live			Minor			uredinoid aecium parasitises live
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Ensina sonchi	Sow-thistle Fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Ensina sonchi/	Ensina sonchi	sow-thistle fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue			capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum		capitulum is swollen by larva			Noeeta pupillata	Eyed Hawkweed Fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Noeeta pupillata/	Noeeta pupillata	eyed hawkweed fly				larva	Foodplant / false gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue			capitulum					larva causes swelling of capitulum
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Trupanea amoena	a gall fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Trupanea amoena/	Trupanea amoena	a gall fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue	?		capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Trupanea stellata	Star-winged Ragwort Fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Trupanea stellata/	Trupanea stellata	star-winged ragwort fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue	?		capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
flower (live)		live flower is visited for pollen by female			Heriades rubicola	Small-headed Resin Bee	Hymenoptera: Megachilidae	Small-headed resin bee, Heriades rubicola, new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)., Cross, I. & Notton, D.G., 2017	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Megachilidae/Heriades rubicola/	Heriades rubicola	small-headed resin bee				female	Foodplant / visitor / pollen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live	flower					female visits for pollen live flower
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph			Mycosphaerella hieracii	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella hieracii/	Mycosphaerella hieracii	an ascomycete		amphigenous	colony	Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live	leaf					amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by uredium			Puccinia hieracii var hieracii	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/	Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii	a rust fungus				uredium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live	leaf		Minor			uredium parasitises live leaf
stem (live)		live stem is galled by larva			Phanacis caulicola	a gall wasp	Hymenoptera: Cynipidae	Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic, Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Phanacis caulicola/	Phanacis caulicola	a gall wasp				larva	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live	stem					larva causes gall of live stem
stem (live)		live stem is parasitised by telium			Puccinia hieracii var hieracii	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/	Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii	a rust fungus				telium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris hieracioides/	Picris hieracioides	hawkweed ox-tongue		live	stem		Minor			telium parasitises live stem

Picris hieracioides (Hawkweed Ox-tongue) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Picris
(ox-tongues)

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006	Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic	Zootaxa 1301.
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland	336pp, Pisces Publications
Cross, I. & Notton, D.G., 2017	Small-headed resin bee, Heriades rubicola, new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).	BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST. Vol 30: 1-8.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Picris hieracioides (Hawkweed Ox-tongue)
Genus	Picris (ox-tongues)
Tribe	Lactuceae (“dandelions”)
Subfamily	LACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
Family	ASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
Order	ASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Picris hieracioides is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Asteraceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Picris hieracioides (Hawkweed Ox-tongue)

Picris hieracioides (Hawkweed Ox-tongue) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Picris hieracioides (Hawkweed Ox-tongue):

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

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