Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry)

Interactions where Vaccinium myrtillus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	may have adult	Cryptocephalus labiatus	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus labiatus/	Cryptocephalus labiatus	a leaf beetle			adult	Plant / resting place / on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry					(3-11)	adult may be found on
	is foodplant of	Globiceps fulvicollis ssp cruciatus	a capsid bug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Globiceps (Kelidocoris) fulvicollis subsp. cruciatus/	Globiceps (Kelidocoris) fulvicollis subsp. cruciatus	a capsid bug				Foodplant / feeds on		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry				Minor		feeds on
	has sap sucked by adult	Elasmucha ferrugata	a shieldbug	Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Acanthosomatidae/Elasmucha ferrugata/	Elasmucha ferrugata	a shieldbug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry				Major		adult sucks sap of
	may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora pseudosyringae	a blight	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	A further threat to UK heathland Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by Phytophthora pseudosyringae, Beales, P.A., Giltrap, P.M., Webb, K.M. & Ozolina, A., 2010	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora pseudosyringae/	Phytophthora pseudosyringae	a blight				Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry						infects and damages
	may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora ramorum	Sudden Oak Death - causative organism, SOD	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora ramorum/	Phytophthora ramorum	sudden oak death (causative organism), SOD				Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry				Major		infects and damages
	is associate of fruitbody	Leccinum vulpinum	Foxy Bolete	Boletales: Boletaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Leccinum vulpinum/	Leccinum vulpinum	foxy bolete			fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry						fruitbody is associated with
bark (subapical) (dead, attached, pale spotted)	dead, attached, pale spotted bark (subapical) is decayed by opening by slit apothecium	Terriera cladophila	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Terriera cladophila (Lév.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Terriera cladophila/	Terriera cladophila	an ascomycete	opening by slit		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, attached, pale spotted	bark (subapical)			(4-6)	opening by slit apothecium is saprobic on dead, attached, pale spotted bark (subapical)
branch (dead, dry)	dead, dry branch is decayed by erumpent, stromatic apothecium	Pezicula myrtillina	a discomycete	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pezicula myrtillina/	Pezicula myrtillina	a discomycete	erumpent, stromatic		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, dry	branch			(7-12)	erumpent, stromatic apothecium is saprobic on dead, dry branch
branch (dead, dry)	dead, dry branch is decayed by deep-seated stroma	Pezicula myrtillina	a discomycete	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pezicula myrtillina/	Pezicula myrtillina	a discomycete	deep-seated		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, dry	branch			(7-12)	deep-seated stroma is saprobic on dead, dry branch
fruit (dead, fallen, mummified, black, over-wintered)	dead, fallen, mummified, black, over-wintered fruit is decayed by in groups of 2 or 3, long-stalked apothecium	Monilinia baccarum	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia baccarum/	Monilinia baccarum	a discomycete	in groups of 2 or 3, long-stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, fallen, mummified, black, over-wintered	fruit			(5)	in groups of 2 or 3, long-stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, mummified, black, over-wintered fruit
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Pristiphora mollis	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora (Lygaeotus) mollis/	Pristiphora (Lygaeotus) mollis	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		leaf		Sole		larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Pristiphora cincta	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora (Pristiphora) cincta/	Pristiphora (Pristiphora) cincta	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc./	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		leaf			(9)	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf	leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis uredium	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Naohidemyces vacciniorum/	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus	hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis		uredium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		leaf		Major	(5-10)	hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis uredium parasitises leaf
leaf	leaf is parasitised by fruitbody	Exobasidium myrtilli	Blaeberry Redleaf	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium myrtilli/	Exobasidium myrtilli	blaeberry redleaf			fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		leaf				fruitbody parasitises leaf
leaf (dead, attached, pale spotted)	dead, attached, pale spotted leaf is decayed by immersed conidioma	Terriera cladophila	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Terriera cladophila (Lév.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Terriera cladophila/	Terriera cladophila	an ascomycete	immersed	conidioma		Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, attached, pale spotted	leaf			(4-6)	immersed conidioma is saprobic on dead, attached, pale spotted leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by stromatic pseudothecium	Gibbera elegantula	an ascomycete	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera elegantula/	Gibbera elegantula	an ascomycete	stromatic		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, fallen	leaf			(5)	stromatic pseudothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by erumpent stroma	Gibbera elegantula	an ascomycete	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera elegantula/	Gibbera elegantula	an ascomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, fallen	leaf			(5)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by stromatic pseudothecium	Gibbera myrtilli	an ascomycete	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera myrtilli/	Gibbera myrtilli	an ascomycete	stromatic		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead	leaf				stromatic pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by erumpent stroma	Gibbera myrtilli	an ascomycete	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera myrtilli/	Gibbera myrtilli	an ascomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead	leaf				erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by telium	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 British Rust Fungi, Wilson, M., & Henderson, D., 1966	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Naohidemyces vacciniorum/	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus			telium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead	leaf		Major		telium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by erumpent pseudothecium	Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Leptosphaerulina myrtillina/	Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete	erumpent		pseudothecium	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	leaf			(9-10)	erumpent pseudothecium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous colony of conidial anamorph	Podosphaera myrtillina	Bilberry Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Podosphaera myrtillina/	Podosphaera myrtillina	bilberry mildew	mostly hypophyllous	colony	conidial anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	leaf				mostly hypophyllous colony of conidial anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by cleistothecium	Podosphaera myrtillina	Bilberry Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Podosphaera myrtillina/	Podosphaera myrtillina	bilberry mildew			cleistothecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	leaf				cleistothecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by valdensia anamorph	Valdensia heterodoxa	an anamorphic fungus	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Plant parasitic hyphomycetes new to Britain (NBR 226-228), Mulenko, W. & Woodward, S., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Valdensia heterodoxa/	Valdensia heterodoxa	an anamorphic fungus			valdensia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	leaf				valdensia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is galled by fruitbody	Exobasidium arescens	a redleaf fungus	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 1997 Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium arescens/	Exobasidium arescens	a redleaf fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	leaf		Sole	(midsummer-)	fruitbody causes gall of live leaf
pollen	pollen is collected to provision nest of female	Andrena lapponica	Bilberry Mining Bee	Hymenoptera: Andrenidae	Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates, Macdonald, M.A., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Andrenidae/Andrena (Andrena) lapponica/	Andrena (Andrena) lapponica	bilberry mining bee			female	Foodplant / nest		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		pollen				female provisions nest with pollen
root	root is parasitised by	Melampyrum sylvaticum	Small Cow-wheat	Lamiales: Orobanchaceae	Small Cow-wheat Melampyrum sylvaticum L.: Scrophulariaceae in England, Tennant, D.J., 2008	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Melampyrum sylvaticum/	Melampyrum sylvaticum	small cow-wheat				Foodplant / hemiparasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		root				is hemiparasitic on root
root (live)	live root is endomycorrhizal host of mycelium	Oidiodendron maius	a dematiaceous hyphomycete	Onygenales: Myxotrichaceae	Physiological and morphological variations in Oidiodendron maius, Rice, A.V. & Currah, R.S., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Myxotrichaceae/Oidiodendron maius/	Oidiodendron maius	a dematiaceous hyphomycete		mycelium		Foodplant / mycorrhiza / endomycorrhiza		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	root				mycelium is endomycorrhizal with live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Cortinarius bolaris	Dappled Webcap	Agaricales: Cortinariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius bolaris/	Cortinarius bolaris	dappled webcap			fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	root				fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
shoot	shoot is galled by fruitbody	Exobasidium myrtilli	Blaeberry Redleaf	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium myrtilli/	Exobasidium myrtilli	blaeberry redleaf			fruitbody	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		shoot				fruitbody causes gall of shoot
shoot (wilted)	wilted shoot is parasitised by Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Monilinia baccarum	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia baccarum/	Monilinia baccarum	a discomycete			Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	wilted	shoot			(summer)	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph parasitises wilted shoot
stem	stem is spotted by epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc./	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry		stem			(9)	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on stem
stem (dead, locally blackened)	dead, locally blackened stem is decayed by scattered, pseudoplurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora vaccinii	a stromatic coelomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora vaccinii/	Cytospora vaccinii	a stromatic coelomycete	scattered, pseudoplurilocular	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, locally blackened	stem			(5)	scattered, pseudoplurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, locally blackened stem
stem (lesioned)	lesioned stem may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora kernoviae	a blight	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Heathland plants under attack, Anon., 2009 Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora kernoviae/	Phytophthora kernoviae	a blight				Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	lesioned	stem		Major		infects and damages lesioned stem
stem (lesioned)	lesioned stem may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora sp. nov.	a blight	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Heathland plants under attack, Anon., 2009	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora sp. nov./	Phytophthora sp. nov.	a blight				Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	lesioned	stem				infects and damages lesioned stem
stem (live)	live stem is spotted by	Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Leptosphaerulina myrtillina/	Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete				Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live	stem			(9-10)	causes spots on live stem
stem (proliferating)	proliferating stem is galled by	Phytoplasma	Phytoplasmas	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/Phytoplasma/	Phytoplasma	Phytoplasmas				Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	proliferating	stem				causes gall of proliferating stem
twig (young) (curved)	curved twig (young) is parasitised by Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Monilinia baccarum	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia baccarum/	Monilinia baccarum	a discomycete			Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	curved	twig (young)			(summer)	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph parasitises curved twig (young)
twig (dead, locally pale)	dead, locally pale twig is decayed by embedded, then erumpent apothecium	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	embedded, then erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, locally pale	twig		Major		embedded, then erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead, locally pale twig
twig (dead, locally pale)	dead, locally pale twig is decayed by immersed coelomycetous anamorph	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	immersed		coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead, locally pale	twig		Major		immersed coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, locally pale twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by thyriothecium	Morenoina rhododendri	a fly speck fungus	Asterinales: Asterinaceae	The genus Morenoina in Britain, Ellis, J.P., 1980	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Morenoina rhododendri/	Morenoina rhododendri	a fly speck fungus			thyriothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead	twig			(5-6)	thyriothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig of conidial anamorph is decayed by pycnothyrium	Morenoina rhododendri	a fly speck fungus	Asterinales: Asterinaceae	The genus Morenoina in Britain, Ellis, J.P., 1980	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Morenoina rhododendri/	Morenoina rhododendri	a fly speck fungus			pycnothyrium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead	twig	conidial anamorph			pycnothyrium is saprobic on dead twig of conidial anamorph
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by acervulus of Seimatosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Seimatosporium vaccinii	a coelomycete	Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Amphisphaeriaceae/Seimatosporium vaccinii/	Seimatosporium vaccinii	a coelomycete		acervulus	Seimatosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead	twig				acervulus of Seimatosporium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by immersed just beneath epidermis perithecium	Pseudomassaria vaccinii	a pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Hyponectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Hyponectriaceae/Pseudomassaria vaccinii/	Pseudomassaria vaccinii	a pyrenomycete	immersed just beneath epidermis		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	dead	twig			(1)	immersed just beneath epidermis perithecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (live, locally pale)	live, locally pale twig is parasitised by embedded, then erumpent apothecium	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	embedded, then erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	live, locally pale	twig		Major		embedded, then erumpent apothecium parasitises live, locally pale twig
twig (recently dead, attached, pale spotted)	recently dead, attached, pale spotted twig is decayed by opening by slit apothecium	Terriera cladophila	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Terriera cladophila (Lév.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Terriera cladophila/	Terriera cladophila	an ascomycete	opening by slit		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/	Vaccinium myrtillus	bilberry	recently dead, attached, pale spotted	twig			(4-6)	opening by slit apothecium is saprobic on recently dead, attached, pale spotted twig

Species	Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry)
Genus	Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries)
Family	ERICACEAE (heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)
Order	ERICALES (heaths, heathers, azaleas, primroses, loosestrifes and balsams)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Vaccinium myrtillus L.
(Bilberry)

Interactions where Vaccinium myrtillus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Vaccinium myrtillus is also a member of:

General Literature

Mycorrhiza

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Anon., 2009	Heathland plants under attack	Plant Clinic News July 09: 2.
Beales, P.A., Giltrap, P.M., Webb, K.M. & Ozolina, A., 2010	A further threat to UK heathland Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by Phytophthora pseudosyringae	Vol 59 (2): 406.
Benson, R.B., 1958	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(c), 252pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland	336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	New or interesting British fungi	TBMS Vol 29 (3): 141-166.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, J.P., 1980	The genus Morenoina in Britain	TBMS Vol 74 (2): 297-307.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 1997	Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.)	Nordic Macromycetes, 3, 444pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000	Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes)	Nordic Macromycetes, 1, 309pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Ing, B., 1998	Exobasidium in the British Isles	Mycologist Vol 12 (2): 80-82.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Macdonald, M.A., 2007	Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates
MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010	Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland	BSBI News No. 113: 11-12.
Minter, D.W., 1996	Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1291.
Minter, D.W., 1996	Terriera cladophila (Lév.) B. Eriksson	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1296.
Mulenko, W. & Woodward, S., 1996	Plant parasitic hyphomycetes new to Britain (NBR 226-228)	Mycologist Vol 10 (2): 69-72.
Rice, A.V. & Currah, R.S., 2001	Physiological and morphological variations in Oidiodendron maius	Mycotaxon 79: 383-396.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Tennant, D.J., 2008	Small Cow-wheat Melampyrum sylvaticum L.: Scrophulariaceae in England	Watsonia Vol 27, No 1: 23-36.
Wilson, M., & Henderson, D., 1966	British Rust Fungi	384pp, Cambridge University Press