Ballota nigra L.
(Black Horehound)

Interactions where Ballota nigra is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of larva Dibolia cynoglossi a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Dibolia cynoglossi/Dibolia cynoglossia flea beetlelarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehound larva feeds on
is foodplant of larva Meligethes ruficornis a pollen beetle Coleoptera: Nitidulidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Nitidulidae/Meligethes ruficornis/Meligethes ruficornisa pollen beetlelarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehound larva feeds on
has sap sucked by adult Tritomegas sexmaculatus Rambur’s Pied Shieldbug Hemiptera: Cydnidae Rambur’s Pied Shieldbug Tritomegas sexmaculatus, Pendleton, T. & D.
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Tritomegas sexmaculatus/Tritomegas sexmaculatusRambur's pied shieldbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehound adult sucks sap of
has sap sucked by nymph Tritomegas sexmaculatus Rambur’s Pied Shieldbug Hemiptera: Cydnidae Rambur’s Pied Shieldbug Tritomegas sexmaculatus, Pendleton, T. & D.
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Tritomegas sexmaculatus/Tritomegas sexmaculatusRambur's pied shieldbugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehound nymph sucks sap of
(fallen) fallen seed has sap sucked by nymph Raglius alboacuminatus a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Raglius alboacuminatus/Raglius alboacuminatusa ground bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundfallenseed nymph sucks sap of fallen seed
(fallen) fallen seed has sap sucked by adult Raglius alboacuminatus a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Raglius alboacuminatus/Raglius alboacuminatusa ground bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundfallenseed adult sucks sap of fallen seed
(live) live is parasitised by UK/IrelandMinor Neoerysiphe galeopsidis Labiate Powdery Mildew, Mint Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Neoerysiphe galeopsidis/Neoerysiphe galeopsidislabiate powdery mildew, mint mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundliveMinor parasitises live
calyx (underside) Major calyx (underside) has sap sucked by nymph (instars 4-5) Major Tritomegas bicolor Pied Shieldbug Hemiptera: Cydnidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Tritomegas bicolor/Tritomegas bicolorpied shieldbugnymph (instars 4-5) Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundcalyx (underside)Major nymph (instars 4-5) sucks sap of calyx (underside)
leaf leaf is grazed by larva UK/Ireland Chrysolina banksii a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Chrysolina banksii/Chrysolina banksiia leaf beetlelarva Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundleaf (late 10-spring)larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Chrysolina banksii a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Chrysolina banksii/Chrysolina banksiia leaf beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundleaf (5-6,9-10)imago grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva UK/Ireland Longitarsus ballotae a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae), Kevan D.K., 1967
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Longitarsus ballotae/Longitarsus ballotaea flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by adult UK/Ireland Longitarsus ballotae a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae), Kevan D.K., 1967
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Longitarsus ballotae/Longitarsus ballotaea flea beetleadult Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundleaf adult grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Amauromyza labiatarum a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Amauromyza labiatarum/Amauromyza labiataruma leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Amauromyza morionella a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Amauromyza morionella/Amauromyza morionellaa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf may have puparium Amauromyza morionella a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Amauromyza morionella/Amauromyza morionellaa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundleaf puparium may be found on leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by amphigenousamphigenous, punctiform to subeffuse, greyish white, loose to dense caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foreign Ramularia lamii var minor an anamorphic fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia lamii var. minor/Ramularia lamii var. minoran anamorphic fungusamphigenousamphigenous, punctiform to subeffuse, greyish white, loose to densecaespituliRamularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundliveleaf amphigenousamphigenous, punctiform to subeffuse, greyish white, loose to dense caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
nutlet Restricted nutlet has sap sucked by nymph (instars 1-3) Major Tritomegas bicolor Pied Shieldbug Hemiptera: Cydnidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Tritomegas bicolor/Tritomegas bicolorpied shieldbugnymph (instars 1-3) Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundnutletMajor nymph (instars 1-3) sucks sap of nutlet
stem Major stem has sap sucked by adult Major Tritomegas bicolor Pied Shieldbug Hemiptera: Cydnidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Tritomegas bicolor/Tritomegas bicolorpied shieldbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehoundstemMajor adult sucks sap of stem
stem (dead, patchily blackened) dead, patchily blackened stem is decayed by effuse colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph Periconia byssoides a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Periconia byssoides/Periconia byssoidesa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyPericonia dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehounddead, patchily blackenedstem effuse colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, patchily blackened stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by erumpent pseudothecium Leptosphaeria doliolum an ascomycete Pleosporales: Leptosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Leptosphaeriaceae/Leptosphaeria doliolum/Leptosphaeria dolioluman ascomyceteerumpentpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehounddeadstem (1-12)erumpent pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by pseudothecium Ophiobolus ulnosporus an ascomycete Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Ophiobolus ulnosporus/Ophiobolus ulnosporusan ascomycetepseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehounddeadstem pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by erumpent apothecium Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis/Pyrenopeziza adenostylidisa discomyceteerumpentapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehounddeadstem (5-11)erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by gregarious, shortly stalked apothecium Calycina herbarum a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Calycina herbarum/Calycina herbaruma discomycetegregarious, shortly stalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehounddeadstem (9-12)gregarious, shortly stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by subcuticular to erumpent conidioma of Pseudolachnea coelomycetous anamorph Pseudolachnea hispidula a coelomycete Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Pseudolachnea hispidula/Pseudolachnea hispidulaa coelomycetesubcuticular to erumpentconidiomaPseudolachnea coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lamiaceae/Ballota nigra/Ballota nigrablack horehounddeadstem (esp. Winter)subcuticular to erumpent conidioma of Pseudolachnea coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Pendleton, T. & D.Rambur’s Pied Shieldbug Tritomegas sexmaculatuswww.eakringbirds.com/eakringbirds3/insectinfocusramburspiedshieldbug.htm
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Kevan D.K., 1967The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae)Ent. Mon. Mag. Vol 103: 83-110.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Ballota nigra (Black Horehound) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesBallota nigra (Black Horehound)
GenusBallota (a genus of flowering plants)
FamilyLAMIACEAE (dead-nettles, mints and scented herbs)
OrderLAMIALES (dead-nettles, eye-brights, foxgloves and speedwells)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Ballota nigra (Black Horehound)

Ballota nigra (Black Horehound) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Ballota nigra (Black Horehound):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 26 images of Ballota nigra (Black Horehound)
Creative Commons License
This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)