Bellis perennis L.
(Daisy)

Interactions where Bellis perennis is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
(live)		live is parasitised by			Golovinomyces cichoracearum	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/	Golovinomyces cichoracearum	a powdery mildew					Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live						parasitises live
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Campiglossa producta	a gall fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Campiglossa producta/	Campiglossa producta	a gall fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy	?		capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Trupanea stellata	Star-winged Ragwort Fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Trupanea stellata/	Trupanea stellata	star-winged ragwort fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy	?		capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
leaf (base) (live)		live leaf (base) is parasitised by telium			Puccinia lagenophorae	Cineraria Rust, Daisy Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Common daisies under threat, Wurzell, B., 1999	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia lagenophorae/	Puccinia lagenophorae	cineraria rust, daisy rust				telium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	leaf (base)				(5-)7-)	telium parasitises live leaf (base)
leaf-mine		leaf-mine may house puparium			Calycomyza humeralis	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Calycomyza humeralis/	Calycomyza humeralis	a leaf-mining fly				puparium	Plant / resting place / within			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy			leaf-mine					puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf		leaf is mined by larva			Calycomyza humeralis	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Calycomyza humeralis/	Calycomyza humeralis	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy			leaf					larva mines leaf
leaf		leaf is mined by larva			Liriomyza orbona	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Liriomyza orbona/	Liriomyza orbona	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy			leaf					larva mines leaf
leaf		leaf is mined by larva			Liriomyza pusilla	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Liriomyza pusilla/	Liriomyza pusilla	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy			leaf		Major			larva mines leaf
leaf		leaf is mined by larva			Napomyza bellidis	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Napomyza bellidis/	Napomyza bellidis	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy			leaf		Sole			larva mines leaf
leaf		leaf may house puparium			Napomyza bellidis	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Napomyza bellidis/	Napomyza bellidis	a leaf-mining fly				puparium	Plant / resting place / within			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy			leaf		Sole			puparium may be found in leaf
leaf (fading)		fading leaf is spotted by amphigenous, subepidermal, brown pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph			Septoria bellidis	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria bellidis/	Septoria bellidis	a leaf-spot fungus		amphigenous, subepidermal, brown	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		fading	leaf				(6-8)	amphigenous, subepidermal, brown pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live, yellowed)		live, yellowed leaf is parasitised by aecium			Puccinia lagenophorae	Cineraria Rust, Daisy Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Puccinia distincta, cause of a Devastating Rust Disease of Daisies, Weber, R.W.S., Webster, J., Wakley, G.E. & Al-Gharabally, D.H., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia lagenophorae/	Puccinia lagenophorae	cineraria rust, daisy rust				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live, yellowed	leaf					aecium parasitises live, yellowed leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by pycnium			Puccinia lagenophorae	Cineraria Rust, Daisy Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia lagenophorae/	Puccinia lagenophorae	cineraria rust, daisy rust				pycnium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	leaf					pycnium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by aecium			Puccinia obscura	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Puccinia distincta, cause of a Devastating Rust Disease of Daisies, Weber, R.W.S., Webster, J., Wakley, G.E. & Al-Gharabally, D.H., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia obscura/	Puccinia obscura	a rust fungus				aecium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	leaf				(9-12)	aecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by pycnium			Puccinia obscura	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia obscura/	Puccinia obscura	a rust fungus				pycnium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	leaf				(9-12)	pycnium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by embedded sorus			Entyloma bellidis	a smut fungus	Entylomatales: Entylomataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Entyloma calendulae f. bellidis causing smut disease of cultivated Bellis in Britain, Preece, T.F. & Clement, J.A., 1997 Common daisies under threat, Wurzell, B., 1999	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Entylomatales/Entylomataceae/Entyloma bellidis/	Entyloma bellidis	a smut fungus		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	leaf				(1-12)	embedded sorus causes spots on live leaf
peduncle (live)		live peduncle is parasitised by aecium			Puccinia lagenophorae	Cineraria Rust, Daisy Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Puccinia distincta, cause of a Devastating Rust Disease of Daisies, Weber, R.W.S., Webster, J., Wakley, G.E. & Al-Gharabally, D.H., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia lagenophorae/	Puccinia lagenophorae	cineraria rust, daisy rust				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	peduncle					aecium parasitises live peduncle
petiole (live)		live petiole is parasitised by aecium			Puccinia lagenophorae	Cineraria Rust, Daisy Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Puccinia distincta, cause of a Devastating Rust Disease of Daisies, Weber, R.W.S., Webster, J., Wakley, G.E. & Al-Gharabally, D.H., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia lagenophorae/	Puccinia lagenophorae	cineraria rust, daisy rust				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	petiole					aecium parasitises live petiole
ray floret (live)		live ray floret is parasitised by aecium			Puccinia lagenophorae	Cineraria Rust, Daisy Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Puccinia distincta, cause of a Devastating Rust Disease of Daisies, Weber, R.W.S., Webster, J., Wakley, G.E. & Al-Gharabally, D.H., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia lagenophorae/	Puccinia lagenophorae	cineraria rust, daisy rust				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Bellis perennis/	Bellis perennis	daisy		live	ray floret					aecium parasitises live ray floret

Author & Year	Title	Source
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Preece, T.F. & Clement, J.A., 1997	Entyloma calendulae f. bellidis causing smut disease of cultivated Bellis in Britain	Mycologist Vol 11 (2): 64-66.
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Weber, R.W.S., Webster, J., Wakley, G.E. & Al-Gharabally, D.H., 1998	Puccinia distincta, cause of a Devastating Rust Disease of Daisies	Mycologist Vol 12 (2): 87-90.
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Wurzell, B., 1999	Common daisies under threat	BSBI News Vol 80: 20-22.

Bellis perennis (Daisy) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Bellis perennis cv Garden Daisy				Cultivar		6 trophisms

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Bellis perennis (Daisy)
Genus	Bellis (a genus of flowering plants)
Family	ASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
Order	ASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Bellis perennis is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Asteraceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Bellis perennis (Daisy)

Bellis perennis (Daisy) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Weber, R.W.S., Webster, J., Wakley, G.E. & Al-Gharabally, D.H.	1998	Puccinia distincta, cause of a Devastating Rust Disease of Daisies	Mycologist Vol 12 (2): 87-90.
Plant Pathology
Wurzell, B.	1999	Common daisies under threat	BSBI News Vol 80: 20-22.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Bellis perennis (Daisy):

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 12 images of Bellis perennis (Daisy)

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