Crataegus laevigata (Midland hawthorn)

Interactions where Crataegus laevigata is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is parasitised by	Podosphaera clandestina var clandestina	Hawthorn Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Podosphaera clandestina var. clandestina/	Podosphaera clandestina var. clandestina	hawthorn mildew				Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn					parasitises
	may be infected and damaged by	Armillaria	honey fungi	Agaricales: Physalacriaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria/	Armillaria	honey fungi				Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn					infects and damages
(dead)	dead is decayed by not crowded, pustular to subdepressed, covered, then disc erumpent, dingy then blackish, plurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora rubescens f. crataegi	a stromatic coelomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora rubescens f. crataegi/	Cytospora rubescens f. crataegi	a stromatic coelomycete	not crowded, pustular to subdepressed, covered, then disc erumpent, dingy then blackish, plurilocular	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	dead				not crowded, pustular to subdepressed, covered, then disc erumpent, dingy then blackish, plurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead
calyx (live)	live calyx is galled by aecium	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium confusum/	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus			aecium	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	calyx	Major		aecium causes gall of live calyx
calyx (live)	live calyx is parasitised by pycnium	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium confusum Plowright, Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium confusum/	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus			pycnium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	calyx	Major		pycnium parasitises live calyx
fruit	fruit may contain larva	Anomoia purmunda	Spectacled Berry Fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Anomoia purmunda/	Anomoia purmunda	spectacled berry fly			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn		fruit			larva feeds within fruit
fruit (live)	live fruit is galled by aecium	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	European Hawthorn Rust, Tongues Of Fire	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Pers.) DC., Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium clavariiforme/	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	european hawthorn rust, tongues of fire			aecium	Foodplant / gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	fruit	Major	(7-9+)	aecium causes gall of live fruit
fruit (live)	live fruit is parasitised by clustered pycnium	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	European Hawthorn Rust, Tongues Of Fire	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Pers.) DC., Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium clavariiforme/	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	european hawthorn rust, tongues of fire	clustered		pycnium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	fruit	Major		clustered pycnium parasitises live fruit
fruit (live)	live fruit is galled by aecium	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium confusum/	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus			aecium	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	fruit	Major		aecium causes gall of live fruit
hedge clippinng (dead)	dead hedge clippinng is decayed by widely gregarious but not very crowded, covered and very convex, irregularly erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora oxyacanthae	a stromatic coelomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora oxyacanthae/	Cytospora oxyacanthae	a stromatic coelomycete	widely gregarious but not very crowded, covered and very convex, irregularly erumpent	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	dead	hedge clippinng	Major	(2-3)	widely gregarious but not very crowded, covered and very convex, irregularly erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead hedge clippinng
leaf vein (live)	live leaf vein is galled by hypophyllous aecium	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	European Hawthorn Rust, Tongues Of Fire	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Pers.) DC., Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium clavariiforme/	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	european hawthorn rust, tongues of fire	hypophyllous		aecium	Foodplant / gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	leaf vein	Major	(7-9+)	hypophyllous aecium causes gall of live leaf vein
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, scattered pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Phyllosticta monogyna	a coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta monogyna/	Phyllosticta monogyna	a coelomycete	hypophyllous, scattered	pycnidium	Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	leaf			hypophyllous, scattered pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by epiphyllous, clustered pycnium	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	European Hawthorn Rust, Tongues Of Fire	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Pers.) DC., Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium clavariiforme/	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	european hawthorn rust, tongues of fire	epiphyllous, clustered		pycnium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	leaf	Major		epiphyllous, clustered pycnium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is galled by mostly hypophyllous, grouped aecium	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium confusum/	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	mostly hypophyllous, grouped		aecium	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	leaf	Major		mostly hypophyllous, grouped aecium causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by epiphyllous pycnium	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium confusum Plowright, Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium confusum/	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	epiphyllous		pycnium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	leaf	Major		epiphyllous pycnium parasitises live leaf
petiole (live, swollen)	live, swollen petiole is galled by aecium	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	European Hawthorn Rust, Tongues Of Fire	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Pers.) DC., Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium clavariiforme/	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	european hawthorn rust, tongues of fire			aecium	Foodplant / gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live, swollen	petiole	Major	(7-9+)	aecium causes gall of live, swollen petiole
stem (live)	live stem is galled by aecium	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	European Hawthorn Rust, Tongues Of Fire	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Pers.) DC., Laundon, G., 1977 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium clavariiforme/	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme	european hawthorn rust, tongues of fire			aecium	Foodplant / gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	stem	Major	(7-9+)	aecium causes gall of live stem
stem (live)	live stem is galled by aecium	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Gymnosporangium confusum/	Gymnosporangium confusum	a rust fungus			aecium	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	live	stem	Major		aecium causes gall of live stem
twig	twig is decayed by gregarious, erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora microspora	a stromatic coelomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora microspora/	Cytospora microspora	a stromatic coelomycete	gregarious, erumpent	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn		twig			gregarious, erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by widely gregarious but not very crowded, covered and very convex, irregularly erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora oxyacanthae	a stromatic coelomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora oxyacanthae/	Cytospora oxyacanthae	a stromatic coelomycete	widely gregarious but not very crowded, covered and very convex, irregularly erumpent	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	dead	twig		(2-3)	widely gregarious but not very crowded, covered and very convex, irregularly erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dry, hard, decorticate)	dry, hard, decorticate twig is decayed by superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Melanomma pulvis-pyrius/	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	superficial	pycnidium	Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Crataegus laevigata/	Crataegus laevigata	Midland hawthorn	dry, hard, decorticate	twig		(9-5)	superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate twig

Species	Crataegus laevigata (Midland Hawthorn)
Genus	Crataegus (hawthorns)
Family	ROSACEAE (roses and fruit trees)
Order	ROSALES (roses, elms, nettles, hops, buckthorns and figs)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.
(Midland Hawthorn)

Interactions where Crataegus laevigata is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Crataegus laevigata is also a member of:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Laundon, G., 1977	Gymnosporangium clavariiforme (Pers.) DC.	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 542: 1-2.
Laundon, G., 1977	Gymnosporangium confusum Plowright	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 544.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London