Erica (bell heathers)

Interactions where Erica is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
	is associate of	Micrelus ericae	Small Heather Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Micrelus ericae/	Micrelus ericae	small heather weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is associate of	Strophosoma capitatum	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma capitatum/	Strophosoma capitatum	a weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is associate of	Strophosoma fulvicorne	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma fulvicorne/	Strophosoma fulvicorne	a weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is associate of	Strophosoma nebulosum	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma nebulosum/	Strophosoma nebulosum	a weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is associate of	Strophosoma sus	Heather Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma sus/	Strophosoma sus	heather weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is associate of	Caenopsis fissirostris	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Caenopsis fissirostris/	Caenopsis fissirostris	a weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is associate of	Caenopsis waltoni	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Caenopsis waltoni/	Caenopsis waltoni	a weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is associate of	Coniocleonus nebulosus	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Coniocleonus nebulosus/	Coniocleonus nebulosus	a weevil				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by adult	Physocephala nigra	a thick-headed fly	Diptera: Conopidae	Diptera: Conopidae, Smith, K.G.V., 1969	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Conopidae/Physocephala nigra/	Physocephala nigra	a thick-headed fly			adult	Foodplant / visitor		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers				flower				adult visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
	is associate of	Orius niger	a flower bug	Hemiptera: Anthocoridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Anthocoridae/Orius (Orius) niger/	Orius (Orius) niger	a flower bug				Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								is associated with
	is foodplant of	Globiceps juniperi	a plantbug or grassbug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Globiceps (Kelidocoris) juniperi/	Globiceps (Kelidocoris) juniperi	a plantbug or grassbug				Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								feeds on
	is associate of nymph	Hallodapus rufescens	a plantbug or grassbug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Hallodapus rufescens/	Hallodapus rufescens	a plantbug or grassbug			nymph	Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								nymph is associated with
	is associate of adult	Hallodapus rufescens	a plantbug or grassbug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Hallodapus rufescens/	Hallodapus rufescens	a plantbug or grassbug			adult	Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers							(early 7-9)	adult is associated with
	has sap sucked by adult	Berytinus crassipes	a stiltbug	Hemiptera: Berytidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Berytidae/Berytinus (Berytinus) crassipes/	Berytinus (Berytinus) crassipes	a stiltbug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								adult sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by nymph	Berytinus crassipes	a stiltbug	Hemiptera: Berytidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Berytidae/Berytinus (Berytinus) crassipes/	Berytinus (Berytinus) crassipes	a stiltbug			nymph	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers								nymph sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by adult	Kleidocerys ericae	a ground bug	Hemiptera: Lygaeidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Kleidocerys ericae/	Kleidocerys ericae	a ground bug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers	?							adult sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by nymph	Kleidocerys ericae	a ground bug	Hemiptera: Lygaeidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Kleidocerys ericae/	Kleidocerys ericae	a ground bug			nymph	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers	?							nymph sucks sap of
	is associate of fruitbody	Mycena megaspora	Rooting Bonnet	Agaricales: Mycenaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Mycena megaspora/	Mycena megaspora	rooting bonnet			fruitbody	Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers					Major			fruitbody is associated with
(dead)	dead is decayed by acervulus of Pestalotiopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Pestalotiopsis sydowiana	a coelomycete	Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Amphisphaeriaceae/Pestalotiopsis sydowiana/	Pestalotiopsis sydowiana	a coelomycete		acervulus	Pestalotiopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		dead						acervulus of Pestalotiopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead
(live)	live may have female	Ceratothrips ericae	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Ceratothrips ericae/	Ceratothrips ericae	a thrips			female	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live					(1-12)	female may be found on live
(live)	live may have larva	Ceratothrips ericae	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Ceratothrips ericae/	Ceratothrips ericae	a thrips			larva	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live					(1-12)	larva may be found on live
(live)	live may have male	Ceratothrips ericae	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Ceratothrips ericae/	Ceratothrips ericae	a thrips			male	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live					(2-10)	male may be found on live
(live)	live may house endophytic Cystodendron anamorph	Cystodendron dryophilum	an anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Cystodendron dryophilum/	Cystodendron dryophilum	an anamorphic fungus			Cystodendron anamorph	Foodplant / endophyte	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live						Cystodendron anamorph endophyte within live
branch	branch is foodplant of scattered, erumpent pycnidium of Topospora coelomycetous anamorph	Topospora obturata	a coelomycete	Helotiales: Godroniaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Topospora obturata/	Topospora obturata	a coelomycete	scattered, erumpent	pycnidium	Topospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers			branch					scattered, erumpent pycnidium of Topospora coelomycetous anamorph feeds on branch
flower (live)	live flower is foodplant of male	Frankliniella intonsa	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Frankliniella intonsa/	Frankliniella intonsa	a thrips			male	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live	flower		Major		(1,6-10)	male feeds on live flower
flower (live)	live flower is foodplant of female	Frankliniella intonsa	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Frankliniella intonsa/	Frankliniella intonsa	a thrips			female	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live	flower		Major		(1,3-11)	female feeds on live flower
flower (live)	live flower is foodplant of larva	Frankliniella intonsa	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Frankliniella intonsa/	Frankliniella intonsa	a thrips			larva	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live	flower		Major		(5-10)	larva feeds on live flower
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Altica longicollis	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Altica longicollis/	Altica longicollis	a flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers			leaf					larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Altica oleracea	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Altica oleracea/	Altica oleracea	a flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers			leaf					larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf has sap sucked by adult	Macrodema micropterum	a ground bug	Hemiptera: Lygaeidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Macrodema micropterum/	Macrodema micropterum	a ground bug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers			leaf		Minor			adult sucks sap of leaf
leaf	leaf is galled by	Eriococcus devoniensis	a scale bug	Hemiptera: Eriococcidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Eriococcidae/Eriococcus devoniensis/	Eriococcus devoniensis	a scale bug				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers			leaf					causes gall of leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf has sap sucked by hypophyllous, colonial	Aspidiotus nerii	Oleander Scale	Hemiptera: Diaspididae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Aspidiotus nerii/	Aspidiotus nerii	oleander scale	hypophyllous, colonial			Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live	leaf					hypophyllous, colonial sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by conidial anamorph	Erysiphe azaleae	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microsphaera azaleae, the perfect state of the Rhododendron mildew in England, Ing, B., 2000	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe azaleae/	Erysiphe azaleae	a powdery mildew			conidial anamorph	Foodplant / parasite	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live	leaf			Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally induced		conidial anamorph parasitises live leaf
root (live)	live root may be infected and damaged by fruitbody	Heterobasidion annosum	Root Rot, Root Fomes, White Pocket Rot - causative organism	Russulales: Bondarzewiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Bondarzewiaceae/Heterobasidion annosum/	Heterobasidion annosum	root rot, root fomes, white pocket rot (causative organism)			fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		live	root		Minor			fruitbody infects and damages live root
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by subiculate pseudothecia	Byssolophis sphaerioides	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Lophiostomataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Lophiostomataceae/Byssolophis sphaerioides/	Byssolophis sphaerioides	an ascomycete	subiculate		pseudothecia	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Erica/	Erica	bell heathers		dead	stem					subiculate pseudothecia is saprobic on dead stem

Subtaxon	Rank	No of interactions	No of references
Erica axilliflora a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica cinerea Bell Heather	Species	3 trophisms
Erica formosa a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica glomiflora a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica gracilis a house plant	Species	2 trophisms
Erica mackaiana Mackay’s Heath	Species		1 references
Erica mackaiana x tetralix = E. x stuartii a heath	Species hybrid		1 references
Erica mammosa a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica nudiflora a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica oatesii a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica pageana a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica pelviformis a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica plukenetii a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica subdivaricata a house plant	Species	1 trophisms
Erica tetralix Cross-leaved Heath	Species	9 trophisms

Genus	Erica (bell heathers)
Family	ERICACEAE (heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)
Order	ERICALES (heaths, heathers, azaleas, primroses, loosestrifes and balsams)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Erica L.
(bell heathers)

Interactions where Erica is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Erica is also a member of:

Identification Works

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 2000	Microsphaera azaleae, the perfect state of the Rhododendron mildew in England	Mycologist Vol 14 (4): 165.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Morris, M.G., 1997	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17a, 106pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	Thysanoptera	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Smith, K.G.V., 1969	Diptera: Conopidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 3(a), 19pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)