Exobasidium japonicum Shirai
(Azalea Gall)

Interactions where Exobasidium japonicum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
fruitbody		fruitbody causes gall of live leaf			Rhododendron	rhododendrons and azaleas	Ericales: Ericaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium japonicum/	Exobasidium japonicum	azalea gall				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Rhododendron/	Rhododendron	rhododendrons and azaleas		live	leaf
fruitbody		fruitbody causes gall of live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores leaf			Rhododendron indicum	Pot Azalea	Ericales: Ericaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium japonicum/	Exobasidium japonicum	azalea gall				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Rhododendron indicum/	Rhododendron indicum	pot azalea		live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores	leaf
fruitbody		fruitbody causes gall of live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores bud			Rhododendron indicum	Pot Azalea	Ericales: Ericaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium japonicum/	Exobasidium japonicum	azalea gall				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Rhododendron indicum/	Rhododendron indicum	pot azalea		live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores	bud
fruitbody		fruitbody causes gall of live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores flower			Rhododendron indicum	Pot Azalea	Ericales: Ericaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium japonicum/	Exobasidium japonicum	azalea gall				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Rhododendron indicum/	Rhododendron indicum	pot azalea		live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores	flower
fruitbody		fruitbody causes gall of live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores leaf			Rhododendron simsii	Glasshouse Azalea	Ericales: Ericaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 1997 Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium japonicum/	Exobasidium japonicum	azalea gall				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Rhododendron simsii/	Rhododendron simsii	glasshouse azalea		live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores	leaf
fruitbody		fruitbody causes gall of live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores bud			Rhododendron simsii	Glasshouse Azalea	Ericales: Ericaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium japonicum/	Exobasidium japonicum	azalea gall				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Rhododendron simsii/	Rhododendron simsii	glasshouse azalea		live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores	bud
fruitbody		fruitbody causes gall of live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores flower			Rhododendron simsii	Glasshouse Azalea	Ericales: Ericaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium japonicum/	Exobasidium japonicum	azalea gall				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Rhododendron simsii/	Rhododendron simsii	glasshouse azalea		live, irregularly swollen, then chalky white from spores	flower

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 1997	Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.)	Nordic Macromycetes, 3, 444pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Ing, B., 1998	Exobasidium in the British Isles	Mycologist Vol 12 (2): 80-82.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Exobasidium japonicum (Azalea Gall) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Exobasidium japonicum (Azalea Gall) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Exobasidium japonicum (Azalea Gall)
Genus	Exobasidium (redleaf fungi)
Family	EXOBASIDIACEAE (redleaf fungi)
Order	EXOBASIDIALES (an order of ustilaginomycetes)
Subclass	EXOBASIDIOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of ustilaginomycetes)
Class	USTILAGINOMYCETES (smut fungi and relatives)
Subphylum	USTILAGINOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Exobasidium japonicum is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ustilaginomycetes)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Exobasidium japonicum (Azalea Gall)

Exobasidium japonicum (Azalea Gall) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Exobasidium
(redleaf fungi)

EXOBASIDIACEAE
(redleaf fungi)

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Exobasidium japonicum (Azalea Gall):

Exobasidium
(redleaf fungi)

EXOBASIDIACEAE
(redleaf fungi)

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 7 images of Exobasidium japonicum (Azalea Gall)

A parasitic basidiomycete that transforms leaves of cultivated miniature Azaleas (Rhododendron simsii and allies) into shapeless, fleshy white or reddish galls, up to 3cm across.

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