Frangula alnus Mill.
(Alder Buckthorn, Black Dogwood)

Interactions where Frangula alnus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(dead) dead is decayed by Haplosporella coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Haplosporella francisci a coelomycete Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Haplosporella francisci/Haplosporella franciscia coelomyceteHaplosporella coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddead Haplosporella coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead
branch branch is foodplant of pycnidium of Sphaeronaema coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Scleroderris frangulae a discomycete Helotiales: Helotiaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Scleroderris frangulae/Scleroderris frangulaea discomycetepycnidiumSphaeronaema coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodbranch pycnidium of Sphaeronaema coelomycetous anamorph feeds on branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by solitary or in small group apothecium Pezicula frangulae a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pezicula frangulae/Pezicula frangulaea discomycetesolitary or in small groupapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddeadbranch (9-11)solitary or in small group apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed stroma Leucostoma auerswaldii a valsoid pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Leucostoma auerswaldii/Leucostoma auerswaldiia valsoid pyrenomyceteimmersedstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddeadbranch immersed stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by 2-8 per stroma perithecium Leucostoma auerswaldii a valsoid pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Leucostoma auerswaldii/Leucostoma auerswaldiia valsoid pyrenomycete2-8 per stromaperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddeadbranch 2-8 per stroma perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
flower bud flower bud is galled by larva Contarinia rhamni a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Contarinia rhamni/Contarinia rhamnia gall midgelarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodflower bud larva causes gall of flower bud
leaf (mainly on young shoots) leaf (mainly on young shoots) is parasitised by amphigenous conidial anamorph UK/Ireland Erysiphe divaricata Alder Buckthorn Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe divaricata/Erysiphe divaricataalder buckthorn mildewamphigenousconidial anamorph Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf (mainly on young shoots) amphigenous conidial anamorph parasitises leaf (mainly on young shoots)
leaf (mainly on young shoots) leaf (mainly on young shoots) is parasitised by amphigenous cleistothecium UK/Ireland Erysiphe divaricata Alder Buckthorn Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe divaricata/Erysiphe divaricataalder buckthorn mildewamphigenouscleistothecium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf (mainly on young shoots) amphigenous cleistothecium parasitises leaf (mainly on young shoots)
leaf (petiole) leaf (petiole) is galled by aecium Puccinia coronata Crown Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/Puccinia coronatacrown rustaecium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf (petiole) (5-6)aecium causes gall of leaf (petiole)
leaf (petiole) leaf (petiole) is galled by pycnium Puccinia coronata Crown Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/Puccinia coronatacrown rustpycnium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf (petiole) pycnium causes gall of leaf (petiole)
leaf leaf is galled by Eriophyes annulatus a gall mite Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Eriophyes annulatus/Eriophyes annulatusa gall mite Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf causes gall of leaf
leaf leaf is galled by Trichochermes walkeri a jumping plantlouse Hemiptera: Triozidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Triozidae/Trichochermes walkeri/Trichochermes walkeria jumping plantlouse Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf causes gall of leaf
leaf leaf is galled by Trioza rhamni a jumping plantlouse Hemiptera: Triozidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Triozidae/Trioza rhamni/Trioza rhamnia jumping plantlouse Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf causes gall of leaf
leaf leaf is galled by mostly hypophyllous aecium Puccinia coronata Crown Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/Puccinia coronatacrown rustmostly hypophyllousaecium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf (5-6)mostly hypophyllous aecium causes gall of leaf
leaf leaf is galled by pycnium Puccinia coronata Crown Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/Puccinia coronatacrown rustpycnium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodleaf pycnium causes gall of leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, scattered, or gregarious towards spot centre pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phyllosticta rhamni a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta rhamni/Phyllosticta rhamnia coelomyceteepiphyllous, scattered, or gregarious towards spot centrepycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodliveleaf (8)epiphyllous, scattered, or gregarious towards spot centre pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
twig twig is decayed by immersed, becoming erumpent conidioma of Dichomera coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Gibberella zeae an ascomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Gibberella zeae/Gibberella zeaean ascomyceteimmersed, becoming erumpentconidiomaDichomera coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwoodtwig immersed, becoming erumpent conidioma of Dichomera coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by eustromatic, immersed, subperidermal conidioma of Dichomera coelomycetous anamorph UK/IrelandRestricted Dichomera rhamnicola a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae Revision of Hendersonula, Sutton, B.C. & Dyko, B.J., 1989
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Dichomera rhamnicola/Dichomera rhamnicolaa coelomyceteeustromatic, immersed, subperidermalconidiomaDichomera coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddeadtwigSole eustromatic, immersed, subperidermal conidioma of Dichomera coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by immersed, bark slightly raised pseudothecium Karstenula rhodostoma an ascomycete Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae The internal mycobiota of ]uncus spp.: microscopic and cultural observations of infection patterns, Cabral, D. Stone, J.K. & Carroll, G.C., 1993
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Karstenula rhodostoma/Karstenula rhodostomaan ascomyceteimmersed, bark slightly raisedpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddeadtwig (1-4)immersed, bark slightly raised pseudothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by globose, unilocular pycnidium of microdiplodia coelomycetous anamorph Karstenula rhodostoma an ascomycete Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Teleomorph-anamorph connections in ascomycetes: Microdiplodia anamorph of Karstenula rhodostoma, Constantinescu, O., 1993
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Karstenula rhodostoma/Karstenula rhodostomaan ascomyceteglobose, unilocularpycnidiummicrodiplodia coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddeadtwig globose, unilocular pycnidium of microdiplodia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by subcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent necked perithecium Eutypella scoparia a stromatic pyrenomycete Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella scoparia/Eutypella scopariaa stromatic pyrenomycetesubcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent neckedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddeadtwig (6-2)subcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent necked perithecium is saprobic on dead twig
wood (dead, fallen) dead, fallen wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Exidia thuretiana White Brain Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia thuretiana/Exidia thuretianawhite brainfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Frangula alnus/Frangula alnusalder buckthorn, black dogwooddead, fallenwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood

Author & YearTitleSource
Cabral, D. Stone, J.K. & Carroll, G.C., 1993The internal mycobiota of ]uncus spp.: microscopic and cultural observations of infection patternsMycol. Res. Vol 97 (03): 367-376.
Constantinescu, O., 1993Teleomorph-anamorph connections in ascomycetes: Microdiplodia anamorph of Karstenula rhodostomaMycol. Res. Vol 97 (03): 377-380.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
Sutton, B.C. & Dyko, B.J., 1989Revision of HendersonulaMycol. Res. Vol 93 (4): 466-488.

Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn, Black Dogwood) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesFrangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn, Black Dogwood)
FamilyRHAMNACEAE (buckthorns)
OrderROSALES (roses, elms, nettles, hops, buckthorns and figs)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn, Black Dogwood)

Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn, Black Dogwood) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn, Black Dogwood):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 16 images of Frangula alnus (Alder Buckthorn, Black Dogwood)

Beware Amelanchier lamarckii (Juneberry) which can be naturalised in the same habitat in southern England.

Flowers and fruits of Buckthorns are axillary, forming a characteristic cluster a little way back from the tip of the branch whereas Juneberry has loose terminal raceme.

Vegetative specimens can be distinguished by the short petioles (less than 1cm) of Alder Buckthorn compared to the longer ones (up to 2cm) of Juneberry. Furthermore, the leaf edge is completely smooth in Alder Buckthorn whereas it is denticulate in Juneberry.

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