Geranium L.
(true geraniums)

Interactions where Geranium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		may be infected and damaged by stem			Xanthomonas pelargonii	Bacterial Rot Of Pelargonium - causative organism		Xanthomonas pelargonii (Brown) Starr & Burkholder, McPherson, J.M., Bradbury, J.F. & Preece, T.F., 1998	/Proteobacteria/Xanthomonas pelargonii/	Xanthomonas pelargonii	Bacterial rot of Pelargonium (causative organism)			stem		Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums								stem infects and damages
		may be infected and damaged by leaf			Xanthomonas pelargonii	Bacterial Rot Of Pelargonium - causative organism		Xanthomonas pelargonii (Brown) Starr & Burkholder, McPherson, J.M., Bradbury, J.F. & Preece, T.F., 1998	/Proteobacteria/Xanthomonas pelargonii/	Xanthomonas pelargonii	Bacterial rot of Pelargonium (causative organism)			leaf		Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums								leaf infects and damages
		is foodplant of larva			Zacladus exiguus	Bloody Cranesbill Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Zacladus exiguus/	Zacladus exiguus	bloody cranesbill weevil				larva	Foodplant / feeds on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums								larva feeds on
		bud has sap sucked by			Rhopalus parumpunctatus	a rhopalid bug	Hemiptera: Rhopalidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Rhopalidae/Rhopalus (Rhopalus) parumpunctatus/	Rhopalus (Rhopalus) parumpunctatus	a rhopalid bug					Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums				bud				sucks sap of bud
		seed has sap sucked by			Rhopalus parumpunctatus	a rhopalid bug	Hemiptera: Rhopalidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Rhopalidae/Rhopalus (Rhopalus) parumpunctatus/	Rhopalus (Rhopalus) parumpunctatus	a rhopalid bug					Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums				seed				sucks sap of seed
(live)		live is parasitised by Pestalozziella coelomycetous anamorph			Pestalozziella subsessilis	a coelomycete		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Pestalozziella subsessilis/	Pestalozziella subsessilis	a coelomycete				Pestalozziella coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums		live						Pestalozziella coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live
leaf		leaf is grazed by			Brachypera dauci	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Brachypera dauci/	Brachypera dauci	a weevil					Foodplant / open feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums	?		leaf					grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Limobius borealis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Limobius borealis/	Limobius borealis	a weevil				larva	Foodplant / open feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums			leaf					larva grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is foodplant of larva			Ametastegia carpini	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Ametastegia carpini/	Ametastegia carpini	a sawfly				larva	Foodplant / feeds on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums			leaf					larva feeds on leaf
leaf (live, small, crinkled, yellowish)		live, small, crinkled, yellowish leaf is parasitised by sporangium			Peronospora conglomerata	a downy mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora conglomerata/	Peronospora conglomerata	a downy mildew				sporangium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums		live, small, crinkled, yellowish	leaf					sporangium parasitises live, small, crinkled, yellowish leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is mined by larva			Agromyza nigrescens	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza nigrescens/	Agromyza nigrescens	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums		live	leaf		Sole			larva mines live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous pycnium			Uromyces geranii	Geranium Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces geranii/	Uromyces geranii	geranium rust		hypophyllous		pycnium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums		live	leaf					hypophyllous pycnium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous aecium			Uromyces geranii	Geranium Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces geranii/	Uromyces geranii	geranium rust		hypophyllous		aecium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums		live	leaf					hypophyllous aecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium			Uromyces geranii	Geranium Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces geranii/	Uromyces geranii	geranium rust		hypophyllous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums		live	leaf					hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous telium			Uromyces geranii	Geranium Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces geranii/	Uromyces geranii	geranium rust		hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums		live	leaf					hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf
leaves (terminal)		leaves (terminal) is galled by			Aceria geranii	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Aceria geranii/	Aceria geranii	a gall mite					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Geraniales/Geraniaceae/Geranium/	Geranium	true geraniums			leaves (terminal)		Sole			causes gall of leaves (terminal)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Benson, R.B., 1952	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
McPherson, J.M., Bradbury, J.F. & Preece, T.F., 1998	Xanthomonas pelargonii (Brown) Starr & Burkholder	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 560.
Morris, M.G., 2002	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Geranium (true geraniums) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Geranium cinereum a crane’s-bill				Species		1 trophisms
Geranium columbinum Long-stalked Crane’s-bill				Species		2 trophisms
Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill				Species		12 trophisms
Geranium ibericum Caucasian Crane’s-bill				Species		1 trophisms
Geranium lucidum Shining Crane’s-bill				Species		1 trophisms
Geranium macrorrhizum Rock Crane’s-bill				Species		1 trophisms
Geranium molle Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill				Species		16 trophisms
Geranium phaeum Dusky Crane’s-bill				Species		1 trophisms
Geranium pratense Meadow Crane’s-bill				Species		14 trophisms
Geranium purpureum Little-robin				Species			1 references
Geranium pusillum Small-flowered Crane’s-bill				Species		10 trophisms
Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Crane’s-bill				Species		9 trophisms	1 references
Geranium robertianum Herb Robert, Herb-Robert				Species		12 trophisms
Geranium rotundifolium Round-leaved Crane’s-bill				Species		7 trophisms
Geranium sanguineum Bloody Crane’s-bill				Species		10 trophisms
Geranium sp. cult. Cultivated "True Geraniums"				Species		4 trophisms
Geranium sylvaticum Wood Crane’s-bill				Species		16 trophisms

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Genus	Geranium (true geraniums)
Family	GERANIACEAE (geraniums and storksbills)
Order	GERANIALES (geraniums and storksbills)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Geranium is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Geraniaceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Geranium (true geraniums)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Anon.		Geranium	Yeo, P.F. Acaena, taxa with spherical heads, Plant Crib 2012
	Clement, E.J.	2005	Vegetative identification of small Geranium species	BSBI News No. 99: 22-28.

Geranium (true geraniums) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Geranium (true geraniums):

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 207 images of Geranium (true geraniums)

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