[Macromycetes]
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Interactions where [Macromycetes] is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
fruitbody fruitbody is associate of larva Fannia canicularis Latrine Fly, Small House-fly, Lesser House-fly Diptera: Fanniidae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Fanniidae/Fannia canicularis/Fannia canicularislatrine fly, small house-fly, lesser house-flylarva Fungus / associate /Fungi/Macromycetes/Macromyceteslarger fungi, macrofungifruitbody larva is associated with fruitbody
fruitbody fruitbody is associate of larva Fannia immutica a lesser house fly Diptera: Fanniidae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Fanniidae/Fannia immutica/Fannia immuticaa lesser house flylarva Fungus / associate /Fungi/Macromycetes/Macromyceteslarger fungi, macrofungifruitbody larva is associated with fruitbody
fruitbody fruitbody is associate of larva Fannia monilis a lesser house fly Diptera: Fanniidae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Fanniidae/Fannia monilis/Fannia monilisa lesser house flylarva Fungus / associate /Fungi/Macromycetes/Macromyceteslarger fungi, macrofungifruitbody larva is associated with fruitbody

Author & YearTitleSource
van Emden, F.I.,, 1954Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and CalliphoridaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 4(a), 133pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

[Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

[Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
interactions
No of
references
Family 12 subtaxa 30 trophisms 21 references
Genus 20 subtaxa 41 trophisms 22 references
Order 2,058 subtaxa 5,887 trophisms 2,046 references
Family 333 subtaxa 631 trophisms 183 references
Family 3 subtaxa 21 trophisms 9 references
Family 16 subtaxa 160 trophisms 40 references
Family 70 subtaxa 299 trophisms 147 references
Family 4 subtaxa 13 trophisms 4 references
Family 8 subtaxa 34 trophisms 19 references
Family 5 subtaxa 9 trophisms 3 references
Order 92 subtaxa 380 trophisms 77 references
Order 19 subtaxa 76 trophisms 17 references
Family 47 subtaxa 346 trophisms 58 references
Order 316 subtaxa 1,116 trophisms 271 references
Order 67 subtaxa 171 trophisms 79 references
Order 13 subtaxa 12 trophisms 32 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
Informal[Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi)
KingdomFUNGI (true fungi)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
() Bon, M. 1987 The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-western Europe 351pp, Hodder & Stoughton
Boudier 1905 Icones mycologicæ, ou Iconographie des champignons de France principalement Discomycetes Librarie des Sciences Naturelles Icones Mycologicae Vol I-IV.
Bresadola, G. 1927 *** Iconographia Mycologica ***(Superseded)
Brightman, F.H. & Nicholson, B.E. 1966 The Oxford Book of Flowerless Plants The Oxford Books, 208pp, Oxford University Press
() Buczacki, S. 2012 Collins Fungi Guide 640pp, HarperCollins
Cetto, B. 1970 Funghi Dal Vero 7 volumes, 4994pp
() Courtecuisse, R. & Duhem, B. 1995 Mushrooms & Toadstools of Britain & Europe Collins Field Guide, 480pp, HarperCollins
Courtecuisse, R. 1999 Mushrooms of Britain and Europe 904pp, HarperCollins
Dähncke, R.M. & S.M. 1980 700 Pilze in Farbfotos 686pp, AT Verlag Aarau
Dam, N., Kuyper, T.W. 2013 Veldgids Paddenstoelen: Plaatjeszwammen en Boleten Veldgids (Field Guides), 423pp, KNNV Publishing
Goodwin, L. Leif Goodwin Photography www.leifgoodwin.co.uk/Title%20Page/MainPage.html
Grünert, H. & R. 1991 Field Guide to Mushrooms of Britain and Europe 288pp, Crowood Press Ltd.
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H (Eds) 1992 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 2 (Polyp., Bolet., Agaric., Russ.) Nordic Macromycetes, 2, 474pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H 1997 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.) Nordic Macromycetes, 3, 444pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Henrici, A. 2002 Update on Roger Phillips’ Mushrooms and other fungi of Gt. Britain & Europe, further additions and corrections Field Mycology Vol 3 (4): 137-139.
Keizer, G. 1997 Encyclopedia of Fungi 286pp, Rebo Productions
Laessøe, T. & del Conte, A. 1996 The Mushroom Book 256pp, Dorling Kindersley
() Lange, J.E. 1935 Flora Agaricina Danica (5 volumes) Danish Botanical Society
() Lange, M. & Hora, F.B. 1963 *** Mushrooms and Toadstools ***(Superseded) Second Edition edition, 257pp, Collins
Ludwig, E. 2000 Pilzkompendium - band 1 - abbildungen 1, 192pp, IHW-Verlag
() Marchand, A. 1971 Champignons du Nord et du Midi (9 volumes) over 2,000 in totalpp, Société Mycologique des Pyrénées Méditerranéenes
Orton, P.D. 1964 Notes on British Agarics II Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh Vol XXVI, No 1: 43-65.
Pacioni, G. 1985 Macdonald Encyclopedia of Mushrooms and Toadstool 512pp, Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd
() Phillips, R. 2006 Mushrooms 2nd, expanded edition of his 1981 book edition, 384pp, Macmillan
() Phillips, R. 1981 Mushrooms & other Fungi of Great Britain & Europe 287pp, Pan Books
Phillips, R. RogersMushrooms www.rogersmushrooms.com/
Svrcek, M. 1983 The Hamlyn book of Mushrooms and Toadstools 310pp, Hamlyn
Vesterholt, J. 2009 Danmarks Svampe 2nd Edition edition, 480pp, Gyldendal

Microscopy

Watling, R. 1973 Identification of the Larger Fungi Hulton Group Keys, 281pp, Hulton Educational Publications Ltd.

Regional/Europe/Italy

Goidanich, G. & Govi , G. 1997 Funghi e Ambiente: una guida per l’amatore 568pp, Edagricole

Regional/France

Anon. Base de données mycologique (mycological database) www.mycodb.fr
Anon. Clés de détermination dichotomiques (dichotomous keys) www.mycodb.fr/key.php

Regional/France/Lignicolous

Emberger, G. Fungi Growing on Wood by Gary Emberger www.mycodb.fr/key.php

Simplified Key To Genera

Anon. *** Clé simplifiée inspirée de l’ouvrage de Phillips ***(Superseded) www.mycodb.fr/key.php

[Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Arnolds, E. 1982 Ecology and coenology of macrofungi in grasslands and moist heathlands in Drenthe, the Netherlands: Part 2. Autoecology, Part 3. Taxonomy Bibliotheca Mycologica, Vol 90
Bond, T.E.T. 1981 Macro-fungi on a garden lawn 1971-8 Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 15 (2): 99-138.
Bond, T.E.T. 1952 A further note on size and form in Agarics TBMS Vol 35 (3): 190-194.
Ingold, C.T. 1946 Size and Form in Agarics TBMS Vol 29 (3): 108-113.
Marren, P. 2012 Mushrooms The British Wildlife Collection, 1, 272pp, British Wildlife Publishing
No-Line.M. Microscopy of Gilled Mushrooms www.hyphalfusion.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=138400&p=297276
O’Hanlon, R. & Harrington, T.J. 2012 Macrofungal diversity and ecology in four Irish forest types FungEcol Vol 05 (5): 499-508.
Orton, P.D. 1986 Fungi of Northern Pine and Birch woods Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 20 (2): 130-145.
Ramsbottom, J. 1953 Mushrooms and Toadstools New Naturalist, 306pp, Collins
Ramsbottom, J. 1925 Mushrooms & Toadstools TBMS Vol 10 (3): 226-229.
Roberts, P. & Evans, S. 2011 The book of fungi: a life-size guide to six hundred species from around the World. 656pp, University of Chicago Press
Smith, P. Chemical reagents www.britmycolsoc.org.uk/mycology/microscopy/reagents/

Brackets

Ingold, C.T. 2002 A love affair with giant polypores Mycologist Vol 16 (4): 162-164.

Conservation

Ainsworth, M. 2004 BAP fungi handbook Research Reports EN Report no 600.
Dahlberg, A., Genney, D.R. & HeilmannClausen, J. 2010 Developing a comprehensive strategy for fungal conservation in Europe: current status and future needs FungEcol Vol 03 (2): 50-64.
Dove, N.C. & Keeton, W.S. 2015 Structural Complexity Enhancement increases fungal species richness in northern hardwood forests FungEcol Vol 13: 181-192.

Ecology

Grainger, J. 1946 Ecology of the larger fungi TBMS 29 (1+2): 52-63.

English Names

Evans, S. 2003 Causing a stir with English names Field Mycology Vol 4 (4): 140-142, back cover.
Holden, L. 2003 List of Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK 22pp, British Mycological Society

Fire Sites

Legg, A. 1992 Firesite Agarics Mycologist Vol 06 (3): 145-149.
Marriott, J. (ed) 1992 Keys (Newsletter of the B.M.S. Key-Group) No 8 http://www.britmycolsoc.org.uk/library/keys/index-phpcid951/

Journals

Der Tintling
British Mycological Society (BMS) Field Mycology Published for/by:British Mycological Society (BMS), Elsevier

Medical

Bennel, A.P.l & Watling, R. 1983 Mushroom poisonings in Scotland Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 17 (2): 104-105.
Pegler, D.N. & Watling, R. 1982 British Toxic Fungi Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 16 (1): 66-75.
Watling, R. 1997 Poisoning by fungi: interesting cases. Mycologist Vol 11 (3): 101.

Methodology

Kibby, G. 2015 Recording fungal collections : making a recording sheet Field Mycology Vol 16 (3): 100-102.

Microscopy

Anon. Scottish Fungi - Identification sites.google.com/site/scottishfungi/identification

Nature Conservation

Bratton, J.H. 2003 Habitat management to conserve fungi: a literature review Countryside Council for Wales
Stubbs, A.E. 1998 Fungus collecting: a threat to insect populations Vol 12 (1)
The Association of British Fungus Groups The UK Provisional BAP species abfg.org/bap1.php

Regional Newsletters

Pembrokeshire Fungus Recording Network Pembrokeshire Fungus Recording Network Newsletter Published for/by:Pembrokeshire Fungus Recording Network

Regional Studies

Watling, R. 1997 Secrets and treasures in Edinburgh gardens Mycologist Vol 11 (2): 62-63.

Suppliers

Anon. Micro-science/Mycology micro-science.co.uk/mycology.html

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to [Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 21,335 images of [Macromycetes] (larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungal specimens are best preserved by drying.

Most people use gentle warmth which can be as simple as the top of a radiator, although purpose-built driers such as those sold for drying fruit give the best results. Large fleshy species can be placed in the air stream from a fan heater for fast, effective results even with fragile species like inkcaps.

The time taken to dry varies with the method, but can be overnight for small to medium toadstools, or longer for large toadstools or brackets. Large toadstools can become sealed by a dry layer on the outside, but leaving them at room temperature for a day allows the remaining moisture to soften this skin so drying can be resumed

Specimens are dry when they become very light weight. Then it’s best to leave them at room temperature for a day to soften up, otherwise they can be very fragile.

Spore prints should be left to dry at room temperature for 10 or 15 minutes. They can then be protected by wrapping in aluminium foil if you wish. They should be kept with the dried specimen.

A month in a domestic freezer at -18°C will kill insect pests and avoid introducing them to the herbarium.

Dried material keeps reasonably well but is attacked by a variety of pests, especially booklice and mites, and to a lesser extent museum/carpet beetles. If allowed to breed unchecked they’ll reduce Russula spp to dust and strip the hymenium off everything else including ascomycetes.

Dried material is conventionally stored in paper envelopes, but this gives no protection from insects, so the envelopes need to be stored in batches in sealable plastic bags or boxes. Avoid storing the specimens directly in individual plastic bags as static electricity from handling the bags will make extracting the dried material all but impossible.

Many people do routinely freeze their herbarium from time to time to keep it free of pests.

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