Phaeohelotium vernum (Boud.) Declercq
(a discomycete)

Interactions where Phaeohelotium vernum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen twig			Alnus	alders	Fagales: Betulaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus/	Alnus	alders		dead, fallen	twig				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch			Alnus	alders	Fagales: Betulaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus/	Alnus	alders		dead, fallen	branch				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen twig			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks		dead, fallen	twig				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks		dead, fallen	branch				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen twig			Populus	poplars	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Populus/	Populus	poplars		dead, fallen	twig				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch			Populus	poplars	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Populus/	Populus	poplars		dead, fallen	branch				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen twig			Salix	willows	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix/	Salix	willows		dead, fallen	twig				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch			Salix	willows	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix/	Salix	willows		dead, fallen	branch				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen twig			[Broadleaved trees]	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/	Broadleaved trees	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		dead, fallen	twig				(2-9)
apothecium (stalked)		stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch			[Broadleaved trees]	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete		stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/	Broadleaved trees	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		dead, fallen	branch				(2-9)

Interactions where Phaeohelotium vernum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
apothecium		apothecium is parasitised by fruitbody			Xenolachne longicornis	a jelly fungus	Tremellales: Sirobasidiaceae	Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Tremellales/Sirobasidiaceae/Xenolachne longicornis/	Xenolachne longicornis	a jelly fungus				fruitbody	Fungus / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium vernum/	Phaeohelotium vernum	a discomycete			apothecium					fruitbody parasitises apothecium

Author & Year	Title	Source
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998	Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 246pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Phaeohelotium vernum (a discomycete) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Phaeohelotium vernum (a discomycete) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Phaeohelotium vernum (a discomycete)
Genus	Phaeohelotium (a genus of discomycetes)
Family	HELOTIACEAE (a family of discomycetes)
Order	HELOTIALES (an order of discomycetes and lichens)
Subclass	LEOTIOMYCETIDAE (powdery mildews)
Class	LEOTIOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Phaeohelotium vernum is also a member of:
Discomycetes - discomycete fungi (via Helotiales)
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Phaeohelotium vernum (a discomycete)

Phaeohelotium vernum (a discomycete) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Phaeohelotium
(a genus of discomycetes)

HELOTIALES
(an order of discomycetes and lichens)

LEOTIOMYCETIDAE
(powdery mildews)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Discomycetes
(discomycete fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Phaeohelotium vernum (a discomycete):

Phaeohelotium
(a genus of discomycetes)

HELOTIALES
(an order of discomycetes and lichens)

LEOTIOMYCETIDAE
(powdery mildews)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Discomycetes
(discomycete fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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