Rhamnus cathartica L.
(Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn)

Interactions where Rhamnus cathartica is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		may have adult			Cryptocephalus bipunctatus	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus bipunctatus/	Cryptocephalus bipunctatus	a leaf beetle				adult	Plant / resting place / on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn							(4-late 8)	adult may be found on
		may have adult			Cryptocephalus parvulus	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus parvulus/	Cryptocephalus parvulus	a leaf beetle				adult	Plant / resting place / on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn							(4-9)	adult may be found on
berry		berry may contain larva			Wachtliella krumbholzi	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae		/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Wachtliella krumbholzi/	Wachtliella krumbholzi	a gall midge				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			berry		Sole			larva feeds within berry
branch (small) (dead, attached)		dead, attached branch (small) is decayed by fruitbody			Peniophora lycii	Ashen Crust	Russulales: Peniophoraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Peniophoraceae/Peniophora lycii/	Peniophora lycii	ashen crust				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn		dead, attached	branch (small)		Minor			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached branch (small)
branch (dead, dry)		dead, dry branch is decayed by conical, erumpent, plurilocular, very thick and black stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph			Fusicoccum fibrosum	a stromatic coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Fusicoccum fibrosum/	Fusicoccum fibrosum	a stromatic coelomycete		conical, erumpent, plurilocular, very thick and black	stroma	Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn		dead, dry	branch					conical, erumpent, plurilocular, very thick and black stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, dry branch
flower bud		flower bud is galled by larva			Contarinia rhamni	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Contarinia rhamni/	Contarinia rhamni	a gall midge				larva	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			flower bud					larva causes gall of flower bud
leaf (petiole)		leaf (petiole) is galled by aecium			Puccinia coronata	Crown Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/	Puccinia coronata	crown rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			leaf (petiole)					aecium causes gall of leaf (petiole)
leaf		leaf is galled by			Eriophyes annulatus	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Eriophyes annulatus/	Eriophyes annulatus	a gall mite					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			leaf					causes gall of leaf
leaf		leaf is galled by			Trichochermes walkeri	a jumping plantlouse	Hemiptera: Triozidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Triozidae/Trichochermes walkeri/	Trichochermes walkeri	a jumping plantlouse					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			leaf					causes gall of leaf
leaf		leaf is galled by			Trioza rhamni	a jumping plantlouse	Hemiptera: Triozidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Triozidae/Trioza rhamni/	Trioza rhamni	a jumping plantlouse					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			leaf					causes gall of leaf
leaf		leaf is spotted by numerous, hypophyllous pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph			Phyllosticta rhamnicola	a coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta rhamnicola/	Phyllosticta rhamnicola	a coelomycete		numerous, hypophyllous	pycnidium	Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			leaf					numerous, hypophyllous pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf		leaf is galled by aecium			Puccinia coronata	Crown Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/	Puccinia coronata	crown rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			leaf					aecium causes gall of leaf
leaf		leaf is galled by pycnium			Puccinia coronata	Crown Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/	Puccinia coronata	crown rust				pycnium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn			leaf					pycnium causes gall of leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by plentiful, mainly epiphyllous conidial anamorph			Erysiphe friesii	Purging Buckthorn Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe friesii/	Erysiphe friesii	purging buckthorn mildew		plentiful, mainly epiphyllous		conidial anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn		live	leaf					plentiful, mainly epiphyllous conidial anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by mainly epiphyllous cleistothecium			Erysiphe friesii	Purging Buckthorn Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe friesii/	Erysiphe friesii	purging buckthorn mildew		mainly epiphyllous		cleistothecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn		live	leaf					mainly epiphyllous cleistothecium parasitises live leaf
stem (dead, dry)		dead, dry stem is decayed by conical, erumpent, plurilocular, very thick and black stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph			Fusicoccum fibrosum	a stromatic coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Fusicoccum fibrosum/	Fusicoccum fibrosum	a stromatic coelomycete		conical, erumpent, plurilocular, very thick and black	stroma	Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn		dead, dry	stem					conical, erumpent, plurilocular, very thick and black stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, dry stem
stick (dead, fallen)		dead, fallen stick is decayed by fruitbody			Peniophora lycii	Ashen Crust	Russulales: Peniophoraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Peniophoraceae/Peniophora lycii/	Peniophora lycii	ashen crust				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rhamnaceae/Rhamnus cathartica/	Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, purging buckthorn		dead, fallen	stick		Minor			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen stick

Author & Year	Title	Source
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland	336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Rhamnus
(a genus of buckthorns)

RHAMNACEAE
(buckthorns)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Broadleaved shrubs
(broadleaved shrubs)

Broadleaved trees and shrubs
(broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn)
Genus	Rhamnus (a genus of buckthorns)
Family	RHAMNACEAE (buckthorns)
Order	ROSALES (roses, elms, nettles, hops, buckthorns and figs)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn)

Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn):

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Endomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(endomycorrhizal or endotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Broadleaved trees and shrubs
(broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Endomycorrhizal plants
(plants that form endomycorrhiza)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 21 images of Rhamnus cathartica (Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn)

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