Solanum dulcamara L.
(Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet)

Interactions where Solanum dulcamara is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of larva Pria dulcamarae a pollen or sap beetle Coleoptera: Nitidulidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Nitidulidae/Pria dulcamarae/Pria dulcamaraea pollen or sap beetlelarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweet larva feeds on
flower (live) live flower may house female Thrips roepkei a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips roepkei/Thrips roepkeia thripsfemale Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveflower (4,7-9)female may be found in live flower
flower (live) live flower may house male Thrips roepkei a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips roepkei/Thrips roepkeia thripsmale Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveflower (7-8)male may be found in live flower
flower (live) live flower may house larva Thrips roepkei a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips roepkei/Thrips roepkeia thripslarva Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveflower (7)larva may be found in live flower
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Epitrix pubescens a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Epitrix pubescens/Epitrix pubescensa flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Epitrix pubescens a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Epitrix pubescens/Epitrix pubescensa flea beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleaf imago grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Ochrosis ventralis a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Ochrosis ventralis/Ochrosis ventralisa flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Ochrosis ventralis a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Ochrosis ventralis/Ochrosis ventralisa flea beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleaf imago grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Restricted Psylliodes affinis Potato Flea Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Psylliodes affinis/Psylliodes affinispotato flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleafSole larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Psylliodes affinis Potato Flea Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Psylliodes affinis/Psylliodes affinispotato flea beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleaf imago grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Restricted Psylliodes dulcamarae a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Psylliodes dulcamarae/Psylliodes dulcamaraea flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleafSole larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Psylliodes dulcamarae a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Psylliodes dulcamarae/Psylliodes dulcamaraea flea beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetleaf imago grazes on leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf has leaves shot holed by in spot centre pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phyllosticta hortorum a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta hortorum/Phyllosticta hortoruma coelomycetein spot centrepycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / shot hole causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetfadingleaf (9)in spot centre pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on fading leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is spotted by in spot centre pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phyllosticta hortorum a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta hortorum/Phyllosticta hortoruma coelomycetein spot centrepycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetfadingleaf (9)in spot centre pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, crowded, clear brown with darker pore pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria dulcamarae a leaf-spot fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria dulcamarae/Septoria dulcamaraea leaf-spot fungusepiphyllous, crowded, clear brown with darker porepycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetfadingleaf (10-11)epiphyllous, crowded, clear brown with darker pore pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by larva Minor Lilioceris lilii Lily Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Lilioceris lilii/Lilioceris liliilily beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveleafMinor larva grazes on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by colony UK/Ireland Phytophthora infestans Potato Blight, Potato Late Blight & Tomato Blight (Causative Agent) Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Natural occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on Woody Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) in Ireland, Cooke, L.R., Carlisle, D.J., Wilson, D.G. & Deahl, K.L., 2001
 /Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora infestans/Phytophthora infestanspotato blight, potato late blight & tomato blight (causative agent)colony Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveleaf colony causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has leaves shot holed by epiphyllous, scattered, clear-brown with concolourour pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta solanicola a coelomycete Pleosporales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta solanicola/Ascochyta solanicolaa coelomyceteepiphyllous, scattered, clear-brown with concolourour porepycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / shot hole causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveleaf epiphyllous, scattered, clear-brown with concolourour pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, scattered, clear-brown with concolourour pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta solanicola a coelomycete Pleosporales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta solanicola/Ascochyta solanicolaa coelomyceteepiphyllous, scattered, clear-brown with concolourour porepycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveleaf epiphyllous, scattered, clear-brown with concolourour pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, scattered pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe dulcamarae an ascomycete fungus Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe dulcamarae/Diaporthe dulcamaraean ascomycete fungusepiphyllous, scatteredpycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetliveleaf (8)epiphyllous, scattered pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
stem stem is foodplant of more or less gregarious but not crowded, immersed, blackish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria solanicola a leaf-spot fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria solanicola/Septoria solanicolaa leaf-spot fungusmore or less gregarious but not crowded, immersed, blackishpycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetstem (7)more or less gregarious but not crowded, immersed, blackish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph feeds on stem
stem (dead, dry) dead, dry stem is decayed by gregarious, subepidermal, pustular, finally bursting through pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe dulcamarae an ascomycete fungus Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe dulcamarae/Diaporthe dulcamaraean ascomycete fungusgregarious, subepidermal, pustular, finally bursting throughpycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdead, drystem (5)gregarious, subepidermal, pustular, finally bursting through pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, dry stem
stem (dead, dry) dead, dry stem is decayed by verruciform, pycnidial stroma of Stagonostroma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Stagonostroma dulcamarae a coelomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Stagonostroma dulcamarae/Stagonostroma dulcamaraea coelomyceteverruciform, pycnidialstromaStagonostroma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdead, drystem (6)verruciform, pycnidial stroma of Stagonostroma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, dry stem
stem (dead, patchily blackened) dead, patchily blackened stem is decayed by in groups of 2-3, with erumpent necks perithecium Diaporthe dulcamarae an ascomycete fungus Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe dulcamarae/Diaporthe dulcamaraean ascomycete fungusin groups of 2-3, with erumpent necksperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdead, patchily blackenedstem (4-6)in groups of 2-3, with erumpent necks perithecium is saprobic on dead, patchily blackened stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by erumpent, closely packed in small groups pseudothecium Cucurbitaria dulcamarae an ascomycete Pleosporales: Cucurbitariaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Cucurbitariaceae/Cucurbitaria dulcamarae/Cucurbitaria dulcamaraean ascomyceteerumpent, closely packed in small groupspseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdeadstem (10)erumpent, closely packed in small groups pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by subiculate dematiaceus anamorph Cucurbitaria dulcamarae an ascomycete Pleosporales: Cucurbitariaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Cucurbitariaceae/Cucurbitaria dulcamarae/Cucurbitaria dulcamaraean ascomycetesubiculatedematiaceus anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdeadstem (10)subiculate dematiaceus anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Helminthosporium solani Potato Silver Scurf Disease - causative organism Pleosporales: Massarinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Massarinaceae/Helminthosporium solani/Helminthosporium solanipotato silver scurf disease (causative organism)colonyHelminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdeadstem (9-2)colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by sessile apothecium Minor Mollisia fuscostriata a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia fuscostriata/Mollisia fuscostriataa discomycetesessileapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdeadstemMinor (5-8)sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by subcuticular to erumpent conidioma of Pseudolachnea coelomycetous anamorph Pseudolachnea hispidula a coelomycete Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Pseudolachnea hispidula/Pseudolachnea hispidulaa coelomycetesubcuticular to erumpentconidiomaPseudolachnea coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Solanaceae/Solanum dulcamara/Solanum dulcamarawoody nightshade, bittersweetdeadstem (esp. Winter)subcuticular to erumpent conidioma of Pseudolachnea coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Cooke, L.R., Carlisle, D.J., Wilson, D.G. & Deahl, K.L., 2001Natural occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on Woody Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) in IrelandNew Disease Reports Vol 4.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976ThysanopteraHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Solanum dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesSolanum dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet)
GenusSolanum (a genus of nightshades)
FamilySOLANACEAE (nightshades)
OrderSOLANALES (bindweeds and nightshades)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Solanum dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet)

Solanum dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Solanum dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 11 images of Solanum dulcamara (Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet)
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