Carduus (a genus of thistles)

Interactions where Carduus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is foodplant of larva	Trichosirocalus horridus	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Trichosirocalus horridus/	Trichosirocalus horridus	a weevil			larva	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles						larva feeds on
	is foodplant of	Tanymecus palliatus	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Tanymecus palliatus/	Tanymecus palliatus	a weevil				Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles				Major		feeds on
	capitulum is visited for nectar and/or pollen by adult	Physocephala rufipes	a thick-headed fly	Diptera: Conopidae	Diptera: Conopidae, Smith, K.G.V., 1969	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Conopidae/Physocephala rufipes/	Physocephala rufipes	a thick-headed fly			adult	Foodplant / visitor		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles			capitulum			adult visits for nectar and/or pollen capitulum
capitulum	capitulum is galled by larva	Larinus carlinae	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Larinus carlinae/	Larinus carlinae	a weevil			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		capitulum				larva causes gall of capitulum
capitulum	capitulum may contain larva	Larinus carlinae	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Larinus carlinae/	Larinus carlinae	a weevil			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		capitulum				larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum	capitulum is galled by larva	Rhinocyllus conicus	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Rhinocyllus conicus/	Rhinocyllus conicus	a weevil			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		capitulum				larva causes gall of capitulum
capitulum	capitulum may contain larva	Rhinocyllus conicus	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Rhinocyllus conicus/	Rhinocyllus conicus	a weevil			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		capitulum				larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum	capitulum is galled by larva	Urophora solstitialis	Musk Thistle Gall-fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora solstitialis/	Urophora solstitialis	musk thistle gall-fly			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		capitulum				larva causes gall of capitulum
capitulum (live)	live capitulum may contain larva	Acanthiophilus helianthi	Knapweed Ghost	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Acanthiophilus helianthi/	Acanthiophilus helianthi	knapweed ghost			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles	live	capitulum				larva feeds within live capitulum
flower (live)	live flower may house larva	Haplothrips distinguendus	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Phlaeothripidae/Haplothrips distinguendus/	Haplothrips distinguendus	a thrips			larva	Plant / resting place / within		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles	live	flower			(7-8)	larva may be found in live flower
flower (live)	live flower may house adult	Haplothrips distinguendus	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Phlaeothripidae/Haplothrips distinguendus/	Haplothrips distinguendus	a thrips			adult	Plant / resting place / within		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles	live	flower			(6-8)	adult may be found in live flower
inflorescence	inflorescence is galled by larva	Jaapiella cirsiicola	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Jaapiella cirsiicola/	Jaapiella cirsiicola	a gall midge			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		inflorescence				larva causes gall of inflorescence
inflorescence	inflorescence is galled by larva	Urophora stylata	Spear-thistle Gall-fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora stylata/	Urophora stylata	spear-thistle gall-fly			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		inflorescence				larva causes gall of inflorescence
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Neocrepidodera ferruginea	Wheat Flea Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Neocrepidodera ferruginea/	Neocrepidodera ferruginea	wheat flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Neocrepidodera ferruginea	Wheat Flea Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Neocrepidodera ferruginea/	Neocrepidodera ferruginea	wheat flea beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Psylliodes chalcomera	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Psylliodes chalcomera/	Psylliodes chalcomera	a flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf		Sole		larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Psylliodes chalcomera	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Psylliodes chalcomera/	Psylliodes chalcomera	a flea beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Sphaeroderma rubidum	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sphaeroderma rubidum/	Sphaeroderma rubidum	a flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Sphaeroderma rubidum	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sphaeroderma rubidum/	Sphaeroderma rubidum	a flea beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Sphaeroderma testaceum	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sphaeroderma testaceum/	Sphaeroderma testaceum	a flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Sphaeroderma testaceum	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sphaeroderma testaceum/	Sphaeroderma testaceum	a flea beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Cassida rubiginosa	Thistle Tortoise Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cassida rubiginosa/	Cassida rubiginosa	thistle tortoise beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Cassida rubiginosa	Thistle Tortoise Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cassida rubiginosa/	Cassida rubiginosa	thistle tortoise beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Cassida vibex	a tortoise beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cassida vibex/	Cassida vibex	a tortoise beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Cassida vibex	a tortoise beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cassida vibex/	Cassida vibex	a tortoise beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Scrobipalpa acuminatella	Pointed Groundling	Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae	Agromyzidae Newsletter No 4, October 2017, Anon, 2017	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Gelechiidae/Scrobipalpa acuminatella/	Scrobipalpa acuminatella	pointed groundling			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		leaf				larva mines leaf
root (after stem)	root (after stem) of multi-stemmed plant may contain larva	Cheilosia grossa	a hoverfly	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Cheilosia grossa/	Cheilosia grossa	a hoverfly			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		root (after stem)	multi-stemmed plant		(6-7)	larva feeds within root (after stem) of multi-stemmed plant
root	root is galled by	Cleonis pigra	Large Thistle Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Cleonis pigra/	Cleonis pigra	large thistle weevil				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		root				causes gall of root
root	root is parasitised by underground tuber	Orobanche reticulata	Thistle Broomrape	Lamiales: Orobanchaceae	Flora of the British Isles, Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985 New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2), Stace, C., 1997	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Orobanche reticulata/	Orobanche reticulata	thistle broomrape	underground	tuber		Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		root				underground tuber parasitises root
stem (then root)	stem (then root) of multi-stemmed plant may contain larva	Cheilosia grossa	a hoverfly	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Cheilosia grossa/	Cheilosia grossa	a hoverfly			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem (then root)	multi-stemmed plant		(6-7)	larva feeds within stem (then root) of multi-stemmed plant
stem?	stem? may contain larva	Ceratapion carduorum	a seed weevil	Coleoptera: Apionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Ceratapion carduorum/	Ceratapion carduorum	a seed weevil			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem?				larva feeds within stem?
stem	stem may contain larva	Agapanthia villosoviridescens	Golden-bloomed Grey Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Agapanthia villosoviridescens/	Agapanthia villosoviridescens	golden-bloomed grey longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				larva feeds within stem
stem	stem is galled by	Cleonis pigra	Large Thistle Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Cleonis pigra/	Cleonis pigra	large thistle weevil				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				causes gall of stem
stem	stem may contain larva	Cleonis pigra	Large Thistle Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Cleonis pigra/	Cleonis pigra	large thistle weevil			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				larva feeds within stem
stem	stem may contain larva	Lixus filiformis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Lixus filiformis/	Lixus filiformis	a weevil			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				larva feeds within stem
stem	stem is foodplant of larva	Lixus pulverulentus	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Lixus pulverulentus/	Lixus pulverulentus	a weevil			larva	Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				larva feeds on stem
stem	stem may contain larva	Ceratapion gibbirostre	a seed weevil	Coleoptera: Apionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Ceratapion gibbirostre/	Ceratapion gibbirostre	a seed weevil			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				larva feeds within stem
stem	stem may contain larva	Ceratapion onopordi	a seed weevil	Coleoptera: Apionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Ceratapion onopordi/	Ceratapion onopordi	a seed weevil			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				larva feeds within stem
stem	stem may contain larva	Melanagromyza aeneoventris	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Spencer, K.A., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Melanagromyza aeneoventris/	Melanagromyza aeneoventris	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Carduus/	Carduus	a genus of thistles		stem				larva feeds within stem

Subtaxon	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions
Carduus crispus Welted Thistle	Species	1 subtaxa	24 trophisms
Carduus nutans Musk Thistle	Species		24 trophisms
Carduus pycnocephalus Plymouth Thistle	Species		5 trophisms
Carduus tenuiflorus Slender Thistle	Species		3 trophisms

Genus	Carduus (a genus of thistles)
Tribe	Cardueae (“thistles”)
Subfamily	LACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
Family	ASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
Order	ASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Carduus L.
(a genus of thistles)

Interactions where Carduus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Carduus is also a member of:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Anon, 2017	Agromyzidae Newsletter No 4, October 2017	Agromyzidae Recording Scheme Newsletter.
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985	Flora of the British Isles	3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2	British Wildlife Vol 19, No 1: 35-43.
Morris, M.G., 1990	Orthocerous Weevils	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5 Part 16, 108pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Morris, M.G., 1997	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17a, 106pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Morris, M.G., 2002	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	Thysanoptera	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Rotheray, G.E., 1993	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe	Diperists Digest Dipterists Digest No. 9.
Smith, K.G.V., 1969	Diptera: Conopidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 3(a), 19pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spencer, K.A., 1976	The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark	Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 5 (parts 1 and 2), 606pp, Scandinavian Science Press
Stace, C., 1997	New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2)	Second edition edition, 1130pp, Cambridge University Press
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London