Echinoderma perplexum (Knudsen) Bon
(Warty Dapperling)

Interactions where Echinoderma perplexum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on soil of tree			Corylus	hazels	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Echinoderma perplexum/	Echinoderma perplexum	warty dapperling				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/	Corylus	hazels			soil	tree	Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on soil of tree			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Echinoderma perplexum/	Echinoderma perplexum	warty dapperling				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches			soil	tree	Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on soil of tree			[Broadleaved trees]	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Echinoderma perplexum/	Echinoderma perplexum	warty dapperling				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/	Broadleaved trees	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees			soil	tree
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on soil of tree			Picea	spruces	Pinales: Pinaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Echinoderma perplexum/	Echinoderma perplexum	warty dapperling				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea/	Picea	spruces			soil	tree	Rare
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on soil of tree			Pseudotsuga menziesii	Douglas Fir	Pinales: Pinaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Echinoderma perplexum/	Echinoderma perplexum	warty dapperling				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pseudotsuga menziesii/	Pseudotsuga menziesii	Douglas fir			soil	tree	Rare
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on soil of tree			Taxus baccata	Yew	Pinales: Taxaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Echinoderma perplexum/	Echinoderma perplexum	warty dapperling				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Taxaceae/Taxus baccata/	Taxus baccata	yew			soil	tree	Rare

Author & Year	Title	Source
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Echinoderma perplexum (Warty Dapperling) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Echinoderma perplexum (Warty Dapperling) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Echinoderma perplexum (Warty Dapperling)
Genus	Echinoderma
Family	AGARICACEAE (mushrooms, dapperlings and parasols, puffballs and bird’s-nests)
Order	AGARICALES (mushrooms and toadstools)
Subclass	AGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
Class	AGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Echinoderma perplexum is also a member of:
Macromycetes - larger fungi, macrofungi (via Agaricales)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Echinoderma perplexum (Warty Dapperling)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Pearson, B.D.	2007	Lepiota on the Outwood Trail	Field Mycology Vol 8 (2): 66-69.

Echinoderma perplexum (Warty Dapperling) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

AGARICACEAE
(mushrooms, dapperlings and parasols, puffballs and bird’s-nests)

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Echinoderma perplexum (Warty Dapperling):

AGARICACEAE
(mushrooms, dapperlings and parasols, puffballs and bird’s-nests)

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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