Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Pine Ladybird)

Interactions where Exochomus quadripustulatus is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
is predator of COCCOIDEAQuestionable scale insects, coccids Hemiptera Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Exochomus quadripustulatus/Exochomus quadripustulatuspine ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids?
is predator of ADELGIDAEQuestionable woolly conifer aphids Hemiptera Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Exochomus quadripustulatus/Exochomus quadripustulatuspine ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Adelgidae/Adelgidaewoolly conifer aphids?
is associated with Picea spruces Pinales: Pinaceae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Exochomus quadripustulatus/Exochomus quadripustulatuspine ladybird Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea/Piceaspruces
is associated with Pinus pines Pinales: Pinaceae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Exochomus quadripustulatus/Exochomus quadripustulatuspine ladybird Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus/Pinuspines

Author & YearTitleSource
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society

Exochomus quadripustulatus (Pine Ladybird) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Exochomus quadripustulatus (Pine Ladybird) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesExochomus quadripustulatus (Pine Ladybird)
FamilyCOCCINELLIDAE (ladybirds, ladybugs)
SuperfamilyCUCUJOIDEA (a superfamily of beetles)
Series Cucujiformia (a group of beetles)
SuborderPOLYPHAGA (mainly terrestrial beetles)
OrderCOLEOPTERA (beetles)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Exochomus quadripustulatus (Pine Ladybird)

Exochomus quadripustulatus (Pine Ladybird) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Exochomus quadripustulatus (Pine Ladybird):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 3 images of Exochomus quadripustulatus (Pine Ladybird)
Creative Commons License
This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)