Helleborus L.
(hellebores)

Interactions where Helleborus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(live) live is parasitised by aecium Puccinia recondita Brown Rust, Brown Rust Of Wheat Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia recondita/Puccinia reconditabrown rust, brown rust of wheataecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/Helleborushelleboreslive aecium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by pycnium Puccinia recondita Brown Rust, Brown Rust Of Wheat Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia recondita/Puccinia reconditabrown rust, brown rust of wheatpycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/Helleborushelleboreslive pycnium parasitises live
leaf (blackened) blackened leaf may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Hellebore net necrosis virus HeNNV, "Black Death" Disease Of Hellebores - causative organism Hellebore Leaf Blights, Lane, C., 2010
 /Hellebore net necrosis virus/Hellebore net necrosis virusHeNNV, "black death" disease of hellebores (causative organism) Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/Helleborushelleboresblackenedleaf infects and damages blackened leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has leaves shot holed by Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/IrelandRestricted Microsphaeropsis hellebori Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Hellebore leaf spot, RHS
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/Microsphaeropsis helleborihellebore leaf spot - causative organismMicrosphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / shot hole causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/HelleborushelleboresliveleafSole (late winter to summer)Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Restricted Microsphaeropsis hellebori Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Fungal foes in your garden no 23: Leaf spot of Hellebores, Fox, R.T.V., 1994
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/Microsphaeropsis helleborihellebore leaf spot - causative organismhypophyllouspycnidiumConiothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/HelleborushelleboresliveleafSole (1-9)hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/IrelandRestricted Microsphaeropsis hellebori Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Hellebore leaf spot, RHS
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/Microsphaeropsis helleborihellebore leaf spot - causative organismMicrosphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/HelleborushelleboresliveleafSole (late winter to summer)Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
petal (live) live petal is spotted by hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Restricted Microsphaeropsis hellebori Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/Microsphaeropsis helleborihellebore leaf spot - causative organismhypophyllouspycnidiumConiothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/HelleborushelleboreslivepetalSole (1-9)hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live petal
root root may be infected and damaged by Major Pratylenchus root-lesion eelworms Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Secernentea/Tylenchida/Pratylenchidae/Pratylenchus/Pratylenchusroot-lesion eelworms Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/HelleborushelleboresrootMajor infects and damages root
stem (live) live stem is spotted by hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Restricted Microsphaeropsis hellebori Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/Microsphaeropsis helleborihellebore leaf spot - causative organismhypophyllouspycnidiumConiothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/HelleborushelleboreslivestemSole (1-9)hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live stem
stem (live) live stem is spotted by Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/IrelandRestricted Microsphaeropsis hellebori Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Hellebore leaf spot, RHS
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/Microsphaeropsis helleborihellebore leaf spot - causative organismMicrosphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/HelleborushelleboreslivestemSole (late winter to summer)Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live stem

Author & YearTitleSource
RHSHellebore leaf spotwww.rhs.org.uk/advicesearch/profile.aspx?PID=172
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Fox, R.T.V., 1994Fungal foes in your garden no 23: Leaf spot of HelleboresMycologist Vol 08 (01): 37.
Lane, C., 2010Hellebore Leaf BlightsPlant Clinic News May: 3.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Helleborus (hellebores) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Helleborus argutifolius
Corsican Hellebore
Species 4 trophisms
Helleborus foetidus
Stinking Hellebore
Species 6 trophisms 2 references
Helleborus niger
Christmas Rose
Species 6 trophisms
Helleborus tibetanus
a hellebore
Species 1 trophisms
Helleborus viridis
Green Hellebore
Species 6 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusHelleborus (hellebores)
FamilyRANUNCULACEAE (buttercups, crowfoots)
OrderRANUNCULALES (buttercups, poppies and barberries)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Helleborus (hellebores)

Helleborus (hellebores) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Plant Pathology

Lane, C. 2010 Hellebore Leaf Blights Plant Clinic News May: 3.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Helleborus (hellebores):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 42 images of Helleborus (hellebores)
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