Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Cooke & Massee) Aa
(Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism)

Interactions where Microsphaeropsis hellebori is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf			Helleborus	hellebores	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Fungal foes in your garden no 23: Leaf spot of Hellebores, Fox, R.T.V., 1994	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism		hypophyllous	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/	Helleborus	hellebores		live	leaf		Sole		(1-9)
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live stem			Helleborus	hellebores	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism		hypophyllous	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/	Helleborus	hellebores		live	stem		Sole		(1-9)
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live petal			Helleborus	hellebores	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism		hypophyllous	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/	Helleborus	hellebores		live	petal		Sole		(1-9)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf			Helleborus	hellebores	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / shot hole causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/	Helleborus	hellebores		live	leaf		Sole		(late winter to summer)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf			Helleborus	hellebores	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/	Helleborus	hellebores		live	leaf		Sole		(late winter to summer)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live stem			Helleborus	hellebores	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus/	Helleborus	hellebores		live	stem		Sole		(late winter to summer)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf			Helleborus argutifolius	Corsican Hellebore	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / shot hole causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus argutifolius/	Helleborus argutifolius	Corsican hellebore		live	leaf				(late winter to summer)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf			Helleborus argutifolius	Corsican Hellebore	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus argutifolius/	Helleborus argutifolius	Corsican hellebore		live	leaf				(late winter to summer)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live stem			Helleborus argutifolius	Corsican Hellebore	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus argutifolius/	Helleborus argutifolius	Corsican hellebore		live	stem				(late winter to summer)
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph (epiphyllous)		epiphyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf			Helleborus foetidus	Stinking Hellebore	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism		epiphyllous	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus foetidus/	Helleborus foetidus	stinking hellebore		fading	leaf
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph (epiphyllous)		epiphyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf			Helleborus niger	Christmas Rose	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. II … Sphaeropsidales (rest) + Melanconiales, Grove, W.B., 1937 British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism		epiphyllous	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus niger/	Helleborus niger	Christmas rose		fading	leaf				(1-9)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf			Helleborus niger	Christmas Rose	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / shot hole causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus niger/	Helleborus niger	Christmas rose		live	leaf		Major		(late winter to summer)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf			Helleborus niger	Christmas Rose	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus niger/	Helleborus niger	Christmas rose		live	leaf		Major		(late winter to summer)
Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph		Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live stem			Helleborus niger	Christmas Rose	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Hellebore leaf spot, RHS	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism				Microsphaeropsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus niger/	Helleborus niger	Christmas rose		live	stem		Major		(late winter to summer)
Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph (epiphyllous)		epiphyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf			Helleborus viridis	Green Hellebore	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/	Microsphaeropsis hellebori	hellebore leaf spot - causative organism		epiphyllous	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus viridis/	Helleborus viridis	green hellebore		live	leaf				(1-9)

Author & Year	Title	Source
RHS	Hellebore leaf spot	www.rhs.org.uk/advicesearch/profile.aspx?PID=172
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fox, R.T.V., 1994	Fungal foes in your garden no 23: Leaf spot of Hellebores	Mycologist Vol 08 (01): 37.
Grove, W.B., 1937	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. II … Sphaeropsidales (rest) + Melanconiales	Vol II, 407pp, Cambridge University Press
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press
Storey, M.W., 2015	Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide	www.bioimages.org.uk

Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Anamorphic Species	Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism)
Genus	Microsphaeropsis (a genus of coelomycetes)
Family	MONTAGNULACEAE (a family of ascomycetes)
Order	PLEOSPORALES (an order of ascomycetes and lichens)
Subclass	DOTHIDEOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of fungi)
Class	DOTHIDEOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Microsphaeropsis hellebori is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Fox, R.T.V.	1994	Fungal foes in your garden no 23: Leaf spot of Hellebores	Mycologist Vol 08 (01): 37.
	Lane, C.	2010	Hellebore Leaf Blights	Plant Clinic News May: 3.
	RHS		Hellebore leaf spot	www.rhs.org.uk/advicesearch/profile.aspx?PID=172

Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PLEOSPORALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism):

PLEOSPORALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 18 images of Microsphaeropsis hellebori (Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism)

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