Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb.
(Birch Rust)

Interactions where Melampsoridium betulinum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
telium (hypophyllous, subepidermal) hypophyllous, subepidermal telium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus cordata Italian Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllous, subepidermaltelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus cordata/Alnus cordataItalian alderliveleafXenophagous
uredium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus cordata Italian Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus cordata/Alnus cordataItalian alderliveleafXenophagous (8-10)
telium (hypophyllous, subepidermal) hypophyllous, subepidermal telium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus glutinosa Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllous, subepidermaltelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus glutinosa/Alnus glutinosaalderliveleafXenophagous
uredium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus glutinosa Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus glutinosa/Alnus glutinosaalderliveleafXenophagous (8-10)
telium (hypophyllous, subepidermal) hypophyllous, subepidermal telium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus incana Grey Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllous, subepidermaltelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus incana/Alnus incanagrey alderliveleafXenophagous
uredium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus incana Grey Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus incana/Alnus incanagrey alderliveleafXenophagous (8-10)
telium (hypophyllous, subepidermal) hypophyllous, subepidermal telium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus rubra Red Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllous, subepidermaltelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus rubra/Alnus rubrared alderliveleafXenophagous
uredium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf Xenophagous Alnus rubra Red Alder Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Alnus rubra/Alnus rubrared alderliveleafXenophagous (8-10)
telium (hypophyllous, subepidermal) hypophyllous, subepidermal telium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees Major Betula birches Fagales: Betulaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllous, subepidermaltelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula/Betulabirchesliveleafesp. young treesMajor
uredium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees Major Betula birches Fagales: Betulaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula/Betulabirchesliveleafesp. young treesMajor (8-10)
telium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees Foreign Betula pendula Silver Birch Fagales: Betulaceae Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves, Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pendula/Betula pendulasilver birchliveleafesp. young trees (8-10)
uredium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees Foreign Betula pendula Silver Birch Fagales: Betulaceae Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves, Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pendula/Betula pendulasilver birchliveleafesp. young trees (8-10)
telium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees Foreign Betula pubescens Downy Birch Fagales: Betulaceae Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves, Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleafesp. young trees (8-10)
uredium (hypophyllous) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees Foreign Betula pubescens Downy Birch Fagales: Betulaceae Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves, Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleafesp. young trees (8-10)
aecium (in rows) in rows aecium parasitises live leaf (beside midrib) Larix larches Pinales: Pinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rustin rowsaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Larix/Larixlarchesliveleaf (beside midrib)
pycnium pycnium parasitises live Larix larches Pinales: Pinaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rustpycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Larix/Larixlarcheslive

Interactions where Melampsoridium betulinum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is grazed by larva Foreign Mycodiplosis coniophaga a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Revision in Mitteleuropa vorkommender mycophager Gallmucken der Mycodiplosis-gruppe (Diptera, Cecidomiidae) unter Berucksichtigung ihrer Wirtspezifitat, Holz, B., 1970
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Mycodiplosis coniophaga/Mycodiplosis coniophagaa gall midgelarva Fungus / external feederForeign /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rust larva grazes on
is grazed by larva Foreign Mycodiplosis melampsorae (A Rust Midge) Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Revision in Mitteleuropa vorkommender mycophager Gallmucken der Mycodiplosis-gruppe (Diptera, Cecidomiidae) unter Berucksichtigung ihrer Wirtspezifitat, Holz, B., 1970
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Mycodiplosis melampsorae/Mycodiplosis melampsorae(a rust midge)larva Fungus / external feederForeign /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rust larva grazes on
uredium uredium is parasitised by colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foreign Ramularia uredinis (An Anamorphic Fungus) Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia uredinis/Ramularia uredinis(an anamorphic fungus)colonyRamularia hyphomycetous anamorph Fungus / parasiteForeign /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusturedium colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph parasitises uredium

Author & YearTitleSource
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Holz, B., 1970Revision in Mitteleuropa vorkommender mycophager Gallmucken der Mycodiplosis-gruppe (Diptera, Cecidomiidae) unter Berucksichtigung ihrer Wirtspezifitat
Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leavesMycologia Vol 91 (6): 987-922.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Melampsoridium betulinum (Birch Rust) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Melampsoridium betulinum (Birch Rust) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesMelampsoridium betulinum (Birch Rust)
FamilyPUCCINIASTRACEAE (a family of rust fungi)
OrderPUCCINIALES (rust fungi)
ClassPUCCINIOMYCETES (rust fungi etc)
SubphylumPUCCINIOMYCOTINA (rust fungi etc)
PhylumBASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
KingdomFUNGI (true fungi)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Melampsoridium betulinum (Birch Rust)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J. 1999 Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves Mycologia Vol 91 (6): 987-922.

Melampsoridium betulinum (Birch Rust) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Forest Research 2004 Path News Issue 7: April 2004

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Melampsoridium betulinum (Birch Rust):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 11 images of Melampsoridium betulinum (Birch Rust)

Widespread and common, but may include records of Melampsoridium hiratsukanum on Alder.

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