Monilinia fructigena Honey
(Apple Brown Rot - causative organism)

Interactions where Monilinia fructigena is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
		is spread by			Curculio nucum	Nut Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)					Animal / vector			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Curculio nucum/	Curculio nucum	nut weevil
		infects and damages live nut			Corylus avellana	Hazel	Fagales: Betulaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Fungal foes in your garden no 28: Brown rot, Fox, R.T.V., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus avellana/	Corylus avellana	hazel		live	nut
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Cydonia oblonga	Quince	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain, Wormauld, H., 1940	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Cydonia oblonga/	Cydonia oblonga	quince		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
apothecium (long-stalked, yellowish to greyish brown, gregarious)		long-stalked, yellowish to greyish brown, gregarious apothecium is saprobic on overwintered, mummified fruit			Malus	apples	Rosales: Rosaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)		long-stalked, yellowish to greyish brown, gregarious		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Malus/	Malus	apples		overwintered, mummified	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Malus	apples	Rosales: Rosaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Malus/	Malus	apples		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Malus pumila	Apple	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Teaching techniques for mycology: 21. Sclerotinia, Botrytis and Monilia (Ascomycota, Leotiales, Sclerotiniaceae), Weber, R.W.S. & Webster, J., 2003 Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain, Wormauld, H., 1940	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Malus pumila/	Malus pumila	apple		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit		Major
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages spur shoot			Malus pumila	Apple	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000 Teaching techniques for mycology: 21. Sclerotinia, Botrytis and Monilia (Ascomycota, Leotiales, Sclerotiniaceae), Weber, R.W.S. & Webster, J., 2003	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Malus pumila/	Malus pumila	apple			spur shoot		Major
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Mespilus germanica	Medlar	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Mespilus germanica/	Mespilus germanica	medlar		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus armeniaca	Apricot	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus armeniaca/	Prunus armeniaca	apricot		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus avium cv	Ornamental Cherry	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus avium cv/	Prunus avium cv	ornamental cherry		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus cerasus	Dwarf Cherry, Sour Cherry	Rosales: Rosaceae	Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain, Wormauld, H., 1940	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus cerasus/	Prunus cerasus	dwarf cherry, sour cherry		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus domestica ssp domestica	Plum	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain, Wormauld, H., 1940	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus domestica subsp. domestica/	Prunus domestica subsp. domestica	plum		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus domestica ssp insititia	Damson, Bullace	Rosales: Rosaceae	Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain, Wormauld, H., 1940	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus domestica subsp. insititia/	Prunus domestica subsp. insititia	damson, bullace		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus dulcis	Almond	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus dulcis/	Prunus dulcis	almond		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus persica var nectarina	Nectarine	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain, Wormauld, H., 1940	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus persica var nectarina/	Prunus persica var nectarina	nectarine		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit			Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally induced
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Prunus persica var persica	Peach	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain, Wormauld, H., 1940	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Prunus persica var. persica/	Prunus persica var. persica	peach		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit			Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally induced
Monilia dematiaceous anamorph		sporodochium of Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live, fallen, brown-rotten fruit			Pyrus communis	Pear	Rosales: Rosaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia fructigena/	Monilinia fructigena	apple brown rot (causative organism)			sporodochium	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Pyrus communis/	Pyrus communis	pear		live, fallen, brown-rotten	fruit

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fox, R.T.V., 1995	Fungal foes in your garden no 28: Brown rot	Mycologist Vol 09 (2): 85.
Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000	Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes)	Nordic Macromycetes, 1, 309pp, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Weber, R.W.S. & Webster, J., 2003	Teaching techniques for mycology: 21. Sclerotinia, Botrytis and Monilia (Ascomycota, Leotiales, Sclerotiniaceae)	Mycologist Vol 17 (3): 111-115.
Wormauld, H., 1940	Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain	TBMS Vol 24(1): 20-28,I,II.

Monilinia fructigena (Apple Brown Rot - causative organism) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Monilinia fructigena (Apple Brown Rot - causative organism) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Monilinia fructigena (Apple Brown Rot - causative organism)
Genus	Monilinia (a genus of discomycete fungi)
Family	SCLEROTINIACEAE (a family of discomycetes)
Order	HELOTIALES (an order of discomycetes and lichens)
Subclass	LEOTIOMYCETIDAE (powdery mildews)
Class	LEOTIOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Monilinia fructigena is also a member of:
Discomycetes - discomycete fungi (via Helotiales)
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Monilinia fructigena (Apple Brown Rot - causative organism)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Weber, R.W.S. & Webster, J.	2003	Teaching techniques for mycology: 21. Sclerotinia, Botrytis and Monilia (Ascomycota, Leotiales, Sclerotiniaceae)	Mycologist Vol 17 (3): 111-115.

Monilinia fructigena (Apple Brown Rot - causative organism) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Monilinia
(a genus of discomycete fungi)

SCLEROTINIACEAE
(a family of discomycetes)

HELOTIALES
(an order of discomycetes and lichens)

LEOTIOMYCETIDAE
(powdery mildews)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Discomycetes
(discomycete fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Fox, R.T.V.	1995	Fungal foes in your garden no 28: Brown rot	Mycologist Vol 09 (2): 85.
Host List
Wormauld, H.	1940	Host plants of the brown rot fungi in Britain	TBMS Vol 24(1): 20-28,I,II.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Monilinia fructigena (Apple Brown Rot - causative organism):

Monilinia
(a genus of discomycete fungi)

SCLEROTINIACEAE
(a family of discomycetes)

HELOTIALES
(an order of discomycetes and lichens)

LEOTIOMYCETIDAE
(powdery mildews)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Discomycetes
(discomycete fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 17 images of Monilinia fructigena (Apple Brown Rot - causative organism)

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