Picris echioides L.
(Bristly Ox-tongue)

Interactions where Picris echioides is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		is foodplant of larva			Tephritis separata	a gall fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Tephritis separata/	Tephritis separata	a gall fly				larva	Foodplant / feeds on		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris echioides/	Picris echioides	bristly ox-tongue					Sole			larva feeds on
(live)		live is parasitised by			Golovinomyces cichoracearum	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/	Golovinomyces cichoracearum	a powdery mildew					Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris echioides/	Picris echioides	bristly ox-tongue		live						parasitises live
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Ensina sonchi	Sow-thistle Fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Ensina sonchi/	Ensina sonchi	sow-thistle fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris echioides/	Picris echioides	bristly ox-tongue			capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Tephritis vespertina	a gall fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Tephritis vespertina/	Tephritis vespertina	a gall fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris echioides/	Picris echioides	bristly ox-tongue			capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph			Mycosphaerella hieracii	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella hieracii/	Mycosphaerella hieracii	an ascomycete		amphigenous	colony	Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris echioides/	Picris echioides	bristly ox-tongue		live	leaf					amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
stem (live)		live stem is galled by larva			Phanacis caulicola	a gall wasp	Hymenoptera: Cynipidae	Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic, Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006 Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea, Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls), Eady R.D. & Quinlan, J., 1963	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Phanacis caulicola/	Phanacis caulicola	a gall wasp				larva	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris echioides/	Picris echioides	bristly ox-tongue		live	stem					larva causes gall of live stem

Author & Year	Title	Source
Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006	Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic	Zootaxa 1301.
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Eady R.D. & Quinlan, J., 1963	Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea, Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VIII, Part 1 (a), 81pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Picris echioides (Bristly Ox-tongue) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Picris
(ox-tongues)

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Picris echioides (Bristly Ox-tongue)
Genus	Picris (ox-tongues)
Tribe	Lactuceae (“dandelions”)
Subfamily	LACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
Family	ASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
Order	ASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Picris echioides is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Asteraceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Picris echioides (Bristly Ox-tongue)

Picris echioides (Bristly Ox-tongue) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Picris echioides (Bristly Ox-tongue):

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 32 images of Picris echioides (Bristly Ox-tongue)

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