Trifolium dubium Sibth.
(Lesser Trefoil)

Interactions where Trifolium dubium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		has sap sucked by nymph			Berytinus minor	a stiltbug	Hemiptera: Berytidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Berytidae/Berytinus (Berytinus) minor/	Berytinus (Berytinus) minor	a stiltbug				nymph	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil					Major			nymph sucks sap of
		has sap sucked by adult			Berytinus minor	a stiltbug	Hemiptera: Berytidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Berytidae/Berytinus (Berytinus) minor/	Berytinus (Berytinus) minor	a stiltbug				adult	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil					Major			adult sucks sap of
(live)		live is parasitised by cleistothecium			Erysiphe trifoliorum	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe trifoliorum/	Erysiphe trifoliorum	a powdery mildew				cleistothecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		live						cleistothecium parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by conidial anamorph			Erysiphe trifoliorum	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe trifoliorum/	Erysiphe trifoliorum	a powdery mildew				conidial anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		live						conidial anamorph parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by telium			Uromyces minor	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces minor/	Uromyces minor	a rust fungus				telium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		live						telium parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by aecium			Uromyces minor	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces minor/	Uromyces minor	a rust fungus				aecium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		live						aecium parasitises live
green parts (live)		live green parts may be infected and damaged by sporangium			Peronospora trifoliorum s. lat.	a downy mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002 Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora trifoliorum s. lat./	Peronospora trifoliorum s. lat.	a downy mildew				sporangium	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		live	green parts					sporangium infects and damages live green parts
inflorescence		inflorescence may contain larva			Protapion nigritarse	a seed weevil	Coleoptera: Apionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Protapion nigritarse/	Protapion nigritarse	a seed weevil				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil	?		inflorescence		Major			larva feeds within inflorescence
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous telium			Uromyces anthyllidis	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces anthyllidis/	Uromyces anthyllidis	a rust fungus		amphigenous		telium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		live	leaf					amphigenous telium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium			Uromyces anthyllidis	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Uromyces anthyllidis/	Uromyces anthyllidis	a rust fungus		amphigenous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		live	leaf					amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
stem		stem is galled by larva			Catapion pubescens	a seed weevil	Coleoptera: Apionidae	Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Catapion pubescens/	Catapion pubescens	a seed weevil				larva	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil			stem					larva causes gall of stem
stem (dead)		dead stem is decayed by immersed, roundish, bright blackish-brown pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph			Leptosphaeria pratensis	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Leptosphaeriaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Leptosphaeriaceae/Leptosphaeria pratensis/	Leptosphaeria pratensis	an ascomycete		immersed, roundish, bright blackish-brown	pycnidium	Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Trifolium dubium/	Trifolium dubium	lesser trefoil		dead	stem				(11)	immersed, roundish, bright blackish-brown pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem

Author & Year	Title	Source
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Morris, M.G., 1990	Orthocerous Weevils	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5 Part 16, 108pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Preece, T.F., 2002	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles	33pp, British Mycological Society
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Storey, M.W., 2015	Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide	www.bioimages.org.uk

Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Trifolium
(clovers)

FABOIDEAE
(vetches, peas and beans)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil)
Genus	Trifolium (clovers)
Subfamily	FABOIDEAE (vetches, peas and beans)
Family	FABACEAE (vetches, peas, beans, accacias, wattles and sennas)
Order	FABALES (vetches, peas, beans and milkworts)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Trifolium dubium is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Faboideae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
Vegetative
	Anon.		Medicago lupulina / Trifolium dubium	Yeo, P.F. Acaena, taxa with spherical heads, Plant Crib 2012

Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Trifolium
(clovers)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil):

Trifolium
(clovers)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 16 images of Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil)

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