Vaccinium L.
(bilberries and cranberries)

Interactions where Vaccinium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		is associate of			Caenopsis fissirostris	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Caenopsis fissirostris/	Caenopsis fissirostris	a weevil					Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries								is associated with
		is parasitised by			Mycosphaerella vaccinii	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella vaccinii/	Mycosphaerella vaccinii	an ascomycete					Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries								parasitises
berry (fallen, mummified)		fallen, mummified berry may be infected and damaged by apothecium			Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi	Mummy Berry (Of Blueberry) - causative organism	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Mummy Berry, Florence, J.	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi/	Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi	mummy berry (of blueberry) (causative organism)				apothecium	Foodplant / pathogen		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		fallen, mummified	berry				(spring)	apothecium infects and damages fallen, mummified berry
berry (pinkish purple, wrinkled)		pinkish purple, wrinkled berry may be infected and damaged by pseudosclerotium			Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi	Mummy Berry (Of Blueberry) - causative organism	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Mummy Berry, Florence, J.	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi/	Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi	mummy berry (of blueberry) (causative organism)				pseudosclerotium	Foodplant / pathogen		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		pinkish purple, wrinkled	berry					pseudosclerotium infects and damages pinkish purple, wrinkled berry
leaf (margin)		leaf (margin) is galled by			Phyllocoptes vaccinii	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Phyllocoptes vaccinii/	Phyllocoptes vaccinii	a gall mite					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries			leaf (margin)					causes gall of leaf (margin)
leaf (new) (wilted, curled)		wilted, curled leaf (new) may be infected and damaged by Monilia dematiaceous anamorph			Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi	Mummy Berry (Of Blueberry) - causative organism	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Mummy Berry, Florence, J.	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi/	Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi	mummy berry (of blueberry) (causative organism)				Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		wilted, curled	leaf (new)					Monilia dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages wilted, curled leaf (new)
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Caliroa annulipes	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Caliroa annulipes/	Caliroa annulipes	a sawfly				larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries			leaf					larva grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Euura reticulata	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura reticulata/	Euura reticulata	a sawfly				larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries			leaf		Sole			larva grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Pristiphora carinata	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora carinata/	Pristiphora carinata	a sawfly				larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries			leaf		Sole			larva grazes on leaf
leaf (dead)		dead leaf is decayed by amphigenous conidioma of Discosia coelomycetous anamorph			Discosia artocreas	a coelomycete	Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Amphisphaeriaceae/Discosia artocreas/	Discosia artocreas	a coelomycete		amphigenous	conidioma	Discosia coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		dead	leaf				(10-4)	amphigenous conidioma of Discosia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by erumpent pseudothecium			Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Leptosphaerulina myrtillina/	Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete		erumpent		pseudothecium	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		live	leaf				(9-10)	erumpent pseudothecium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by valdensia anamorph			Valdensia heterodoxa	an anamorphic fungus	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Plant parasitic hyphomycetes new to Britain (NBR 226-228), Mulenko, W. & Woodward, S., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Valdensia heterodoxa/	Valdensia heterodoxa	an anamorphic fungus				valdensia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		live	leaf					valdensia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
shoot (dark red, deformed)		dark red, deformed shoot is galled by fruitbody			Exobasidium oxycocci	a redleaf fungus	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium oxycocci/	Exobasidium oxycocci	a redleaf fungus				fruitbody	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		dark red, deformed	shoot					fruitbody causes gall of dark red, deformed shoot
stem		stem is galled by uredium			Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Naohidemyces vacciniorum/	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus				uredium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries			stem					uredium causes gall of stem
stem		stem is galled by telium			Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Naohidemyces vacciniorum/	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus				telium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries			stem					telium causes gall of stem
stem (proliferating)		proliferating stem is galled by			Phytoplasma	Phytoplasmas	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/Phytoplasma/	Phytoplasma	Phytoplasmas					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		proliferating	stem					causes gall of proliferating stem
twig end (live)		live twig end is spotted by erumpent pseudothecium			Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Leptosphaerulina myrtillina/	Leptosphaerulina myrtillina	an ascomycete		erumpent		pseudothecium	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium/	Vaccinium	bilberries and cranberries		live	twig end				(9-10)	erumpent pseudothecium causes spots on live twig end

Author & Year	Title	Source
Florence, J.	Mummy Berry	www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/ascomycetes/Pages/MummyBerry.aspx
Benson, R.B., 1952	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Benson, R.B., 1958	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(c), 252pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ing, B., 1998	Exobasidium in the British Isles	Mycologist Vol 12 (2): 80-82.
Morris, M.G., 1997	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17a, 106pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Mulenko, W. & Woodward, S., 1996	Plant parasitic hyphomycetes new to Britain (NBR 226-228)	Mycologist Vol 10 (2): 69-72.
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

ERICACEAE
(heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Woody plants
(subshrubs)

Broadleaved shrubs
(broadleaved shrubs)

Broadleaved trees and shrubs
(broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Vaccinium acrobracteatum a house plant				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium amblyandrum a house plant				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium ashei Rabbiteye Blueberry				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium bancanum a house plant				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium corymbosum Blueberry, Highbush Blueberry				Species		8 trophisms
Vaccinium filiforme a house plant				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium macrocarpon American Cranberry				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium microcarpum Small Cranberry				Species		4 trophisms
Vaccinium monanthum a house plant				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry				Species		47 trophisms	1 references
Vaccinium oxycoccos Cranberry				Species		8 trophisms
Vaccinium reticulatovenosum a house plant				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium tenerellum a house plant				Species		4 trophisms
Vaccinium uliginosum Bog Bilberry				Species		14 trophisms
Vaccinium varingiaefolium a house plant				Species		1 trophisms
Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry				Species		33 trophisms
Vaccinium vitis-idaea x myrtillus = V. x intermedium hybrid bilberry				Species hybrid		2 trophisms

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Genus	Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries)
Family	ERICACEAE (heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)
Order	ERICALES (heaths, heathers, azaleas, primroses, loosestrifes and balsams)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries)

Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries):

ERICACEAE
(heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Endomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(endomycorrhizal or endotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Broadleaved trees and shrubs
(broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Endomycorrhizal plants
(plants that form endomycorrhiza)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 54 images of Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries)

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