Vaccinium vitis-idaea (cowberry)

Interactions where Vaccinium vitis-idaea is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	has sap sucked by adult	Elasmucha ferrugata	a shieldbug	Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Acanthosomatidae/Elasmucha ferrugata/	Elasmucha ferrugata	a shieldbug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry						adult sucks sap of
	may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora alni	Sudden Oak Death - causative organism, SOD, Phytophthora Disease Of Alder	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora alni/	Phytophthora alni	sudden oak death (causative organism), SOD, phytophthora disease of alder				Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry				Minor		infects and damages
	may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora inflata	a blight	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	First report of Phytophthora inflata on nursery plants of Rhododendron spp., Gaultheria shalon and Vaccinium vitis-idaea in Scotland, Schlenzig, A., 2005	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora inflata/	Phytophthora inflata	a blight				Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry						infects and damages
	may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora kernoviae	a blight	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora kernoviae/	Phytophthora kernoviae	a blight				Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry				Major		infects and damages
	is parasitised by	Xenomeris alpina	an ascomycete	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Xenomeris alpina/	Xenomeris alpina	an ascomycete				Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry	?					parasitises
	is parasitised by	Podosphaera myrtillina	Bilberry Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Podosphaera myrtillina/	Podosphaera myrtillina	bilberry mildew				Foodplant / parasite	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry						parasitises
(live)	live is parasitised by telium	Pucciniastrum goeppertianum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Pucciniastrum goeppertianum/	Pucciniastrum goeppertianum	a rust fungus			telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live				telium parasitises live
flower (live, hypertrophied)	live, hypertrophied flower is galled by fruitbody	Exobasidium vaccinii	Cowberry Redleaf	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Non-gilled Fungi, Breitenbach J., & Kränzlin F., 1986 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium vaccinii/	Exobasidium vaccinii	cowberry redleaf			fruitbody	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live, hypertrophied	flower	Sole		fruitbody causes gall of live, hypertrophied flower
fruit (dead, fallen, mummified, over-wintered)	dead, fallen, mummified, over-wintered fruit is decayed by one to three, long-stalked apothecium	Monilinia urnula	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia urnula/	Monilinia urnula	a discomycete	one to three, long-stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dead, fallen, mummified, over-wintered	fruit		(5-6)	one to three, long-stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, mummified, over-wintered fruit
leaf	leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, gregarious, often confluent pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph	Rhabdospora stemmatea	a coelomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Rhabdospora stemmatea/	Rhabdospora stemmatea	a coelomycete	epiphyllous, gregarious, often confluent	pycnidium	Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry			leaf			epiphyllous, gregarious, often confluent pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf	leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc./	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry			leaf		(9)	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf	leaf is foodplant of amphigenous mycelium	Meliola ellisii	an ascomycete	Meliolales: Meliolaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Meliolales/Meliolaceae/Meliola ellisii/	Meliola ellisii	an ascomycete	amphigenous		mycelium	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry			leaf			amphigenous mycelium feeds on leaf
leaf	leaf is foodplant of amphigenous cleistothecium	Meliola ellisii	an ascomycete	Meliolales: Meliolaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Meliolales/Meliolaceae/Meliola ellisii/	Meliola ellisii	an ascomycete	amphigenous		cleistothecium	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry			leaf			amphigenous cleistothecium feeds on leaf
leaf	leaf is foodplant of immersed perithecium	Physalospora vitis-idaeae	an ascomycete fungus	Xylariales: Hyponectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Hyponectriaceae/Physalospora vitis-idaeae/	Physalospora vitis-idaeae	an ascomycete fungus	immersed		perithecium	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry			leaf		(9)	immersed perithecium feeds on leaf
leaf	leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis uredium	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Naohidemyces vacciniorum/	Naohidemyces vacciniorum	a rust fungus	hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis		uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry			leaf	Minor	(5-10)	hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis uredium parasitises leaf
leaf (dead, locally pale)	dead, locally pale leaf is decayed by embedded, then erumpent apothecium	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	embedded, then erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dead, locally pale	leaf			embedded, then erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead, locally pale leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by erumpent stroma	Gibbera vaccinii	an ascomycete	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera vaccinii/	Gibbera vaccinii	an ascomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dead	leaf			erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dry, dead, blackening)	dry, dead, blackening leaf is decayed by amphigenous, immersed, erumpent, stromatic pycnidium of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph	Phacidium vaccinii	an ascomycete	Helotiales: Phacidiaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phacidiaceae/Phacidium vaccinii/	Phacidium vaccinii	an ascomycete	amphigenous, immersed, erumpent, stromatic	pycnidium	Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dry, dead, blackening	leaf			amphigenous, immersed, erumpent, stromatic pycnidium of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dry, dead, blackening leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by valdensia anamorph	Valdensia heterodoxa	an anamorphic fungus	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Plant parasitic hyphomycetes new to Britain (NBR 226-228), Mulenko, W. & Woodward, S., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Valdensia heterodoxa/	Valdensia heterodoxa	an anamorphic fungus			valdensia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live	leaf			valdensia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is galled by fruitbody	Exobasidium vaccinii	Cowberry Redleaf	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Non-gilled Fungi, Breitenbach J., & Kränzlin F., 1986 Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium vaccinii/	Exobasidium vaccinii	cowberry redleaf			fruitbody	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live	leaf	Sole		fruitbody causes gall of live leaf
leaf (locally bleached)	locally bleached leaf is foodplant of apothecium	Lophodermium melaleucum	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium melaleucum/	Lophodermium melaleucum	an ascomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		locally bleached	leaf			apothecium feeds on locally bleached leaf
leaf (wilting)	wilting leaf is parasitised by Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Monilinia urnula	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia urnula/	Monilinia urnula	a discomycete			Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		wilting	leaf		(summer)	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph parasitises wilting leaf
root (live)	live root is endomycorrhizal host of mycelium	Oidiodendron maius	a dematiaceous hyphomycete	Onygenales: Myxotrichaceae	Physiological and morphological variations in Oidiodendron maius, Rice, A.V. & Currah, R.S., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Myxotrichaceae/Oidiodendron maius/	Oidiodendron maius	a dematiaceous hyphomycete		mycelium		Foodplant / mycorrhiza / endomycorrhiza	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live	root			mycelium is endomycorrhizal with live root
shoot tip (live, hypertrophied)	live, hypertrophied shoot tip is galled by fruitbody	Exobasidium vaccinii	Cowberry Redleaf	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Non-gilled Fungi, Breitenbach J., & Kränzlin F., 1986 Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium vaccinii/	Exobasidium vaccinii	cowberry redleaf			fruitbody	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live, hypertrophied	shoot tip	Sole		fruitbody causes gall of live, hypertrophied shoot tip
shoot (live, deformed)	live, deformed shoot is galled by fruitbody	Exobasidium juelianum	Dwarfing Redleaf	Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae	Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium juelianum/	Exobasidium juelianum	dwarfing redleaf			fruitbody	Foodplant / gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live, deformed	shoot			fruitbody causes gall of live, deformed shoot
shoot (wilting)	wilting shoot is parasitised by Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Monilinia urnula	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia urnula/	Monilinia urnula	a discomycete			Monilia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		wilting	shoot		(summer)	Monilia dematiaceous anamorph parasitises wilting shoot
stem	stem is spotted by epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc./	Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.	a leaf-spot fungus	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry			stem		(9)	epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on stem
twig (dead, locally pale)	dead, locally pale twig is decayed by embedded, then erumpent apothecium	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	embedded, then erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dead, locally pale	twig			embedded, then erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead, locally pale twig
twig (dead, locally pale)	dead, locally pale twig is decayed by immersed coelomycetous anamorph	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	immersed		coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dead, locally pale	twig			immersed coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, locally pale twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by erumpent stroma	Gibbera vaccinii	an ascomycete	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera vaccinii/	Gibbera vaccinii	an ascomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dead	twig			erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dry, dead, blackening)	dry, dead, blackening twig is decayed by amphigenous, immersed, erumpent, stromatic pycnidium of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph	Phacidium vaccinii	an ascomycete	Helotiales: Phacidiaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phacidiaceae/Phacidium vaccinii/	Phacidium vaccinii	an ascomycete	amphigenous, immersed, erumpent, stromatic	pycnidium	Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		dry, dead, blackening	twig			amphigenous, immersed, erumpent, stromatic pycnidium of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dry, dead, blackening twig
twig (live, locally pale)	live, locally pale twig is parasitised by embedded, then erumpent apothecium	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/	Coccomyces leptideus	an ascomycete	embedded, then erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		live, locally pale	twig			embedded, then erumpent apothecium parasitises live, locally pale twig
twig (locally bleached)	locally bleached twig is foodplant of apothecium	Lophodermium melaleucum	an ascomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium melaleucum/	Lophodermium melaleucum	an ascomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium vitis-idaea/	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	cowberry		locally bleached	twig			apothecium feeds on locally bleached twig

Species	Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Cowberry)
Genus	Vaccinium (bilberries and cranberries)
Family	ERICACEAE (heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)
Order	ERICALES (heaths, heathers, azaleas, primroses, loosestrifes and balsams)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
(Cowberry)

Interactions where Vaccinium vitis-idaea is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Vaccinium vitis-idaea is also a member of:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Breitenbach J., & Kränzlin F., 1986	Non-gilled Fungi	Fungi of Switzerland, Vol 2, 412pp, Mykologia, Lucerne
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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