Verbena L.
(vervains)

Interactions where Verbena is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(live) live is foodplant of Phytonemus pallidus Cyclamen Mite Trombidiformes: Tarsonemidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Tarsonemidae/Phytonemus pallidus/Phytonemus palliduscyclamen mite Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Verbenaceae/Verbena/Verbenavervainslive feeds on live
leaf leaf is mined by larva Amauromyza labiatarum a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Amauromyza labiatarum/Amauromyza labiataruma leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Verbenaceae/Verbena/Verbenavervainsleaf larva mines leaf
leaf (limp, discoloured) limp, discoloured leaf may be infected and damaged by Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi Chrysanthemum Eelworm, Leaf and Bud Eelworm Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Secernentea/Aphelenchida/Aphelenchoididae/Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi/Aphelenchoides ritzemabosichrysanthemum eelworm, leaf and bud eelworm Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Verbenaceae/Verbena/Verbenavervainslimp, discolouredleaf infects and damages limp, discoloured leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium Cronartium flaccidum Scots Pine Blister Rust, Pine Resin-top Rust Pucciniales: Cronartiaceae Chrysomyxa abietis, Mordue, J.E.M. & Gibson, I.A.S., 1978
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Cronartiaceae/Cronartium flaccidum/Cronartium flaccidumScots pine blister rust, pine resin-top rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Verbenaceae/Verbena/Verbenavervainsliveleaf hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, pustular telium Cronartium flaccidum Scots Pine Blister Rust, Pine Resin-top Rust Pucciniales: Cronartiaceae Chrysomyxa abietis, Mordue, J.E.M. & Gibson, I.A.S., 1978
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Cronartiaceae/Cronartium flaccidum/Cronartium flaccidumScots pine blister rust, pine resin-top rusthypophyllous, pustulartelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Verbenaceae/Verbena/Verbenavervainsliveleaf hypophyllous, pustular telium parasitises live leaf

Author & YearTitleSource
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Mordue, J.E.M. & Gibson, I.A.S., 1978Chrysomyxa abietisI.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 576.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Verbena (vervains) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Verbena bonariensis
Argentinian Vervain
Species 1 trophisms
Verbena lasiostachys
a cultivated vervain
Species 1 trophisms
Verbena macdougalii
a cultivated vervain
Species 1 trophisms
Verbena officinalis
Vervain
Species 4 trophisms
Verbena stricta
a cultivated vervain
Species 1 trophisms
Verbena x hybrida
hybrid verbena
Species hybrid 2 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusVerbena (vervains)
FamilyVERBENACEAE (vervains)
OrderLAMIALES (dead-nettles, eye-brights, foxgloves and speedwells)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Verbena (vervains)

Verbena (vervains) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Plant Pathology

Braun, U., Jage, H., Richter, U. & Zimmermann, H. 2009 Peronospora verbenae sp. nov. – a new downy mildew on Verbena officinalis Schlechtendalia Vol 19: 77-80.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Verbena (vervains):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 4 images of Verbena (vervains)
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