Itersonilia perplexans Derx
(Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism)

Interactions where Itersonilia perplexans is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
		is associated with fruitbody			Auricularia auricula-judae	Jelly Ear, The Jew’s Ear, Judas’s Ear Fungus	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Conidiobolus osmodes isolated from Auricularia auricula-judae, Ingold, C.T., 1989 Itersonilia, Ingold, C.T., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Fungus / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Auricularia auricula-judae/	Auricularia auricula-judae	jelly ear, The Jew’s ear, Judas’s ear fungus				fruitbody
		is associated with fruitbody			Exidia recisa	Amber Jelly	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Itersonilia, Ingold, C.T., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Fungus / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia recisa/	Exidia recisa	amber jelly				fruitbody
		is associated with fruitbody			Dacrymyces stillatus	Common Jellyspot	Dacrymycetales: Dacrymycetaceae	Itersonilia, Ingold, C.T., 1991 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Fungus / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Dacrymycetales/Dacrymycetaceae/Dacrymyces stillatus/	Dacrymyces stillatus	common jellyspot				fruitbody
		parasitises live sorus			PUCCINIALES	rust fungi			/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Fungus / parasite			/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/	Pucciniales	rust fungi		live		sorus
		parasitises live sorus			Puccinia malvacearum	Mallow and Hollyhock Rust, Mallow Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Itersonilia, Ingold, C.T., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Fungus / parasite			/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia malvacearum/	Puccinia malvacearum	mallow and hollyhock rust, mallow rust		live		sorus
		parasitises live sorus			Entyloma calendulae	Calendula Smut	Entylomatales: Entylomataceae	Itersonilia, Ingold, C.T., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Fungus / parasite			/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Entylomatales/Entylomataceae/Entyloma calendulae/	Entyloma calendulae	calendula smut		live		sorus
		infects and damages leaf			Anethum graveolens	Dill	Apiales: Apiaceae	Leaf blight of dill and coriander, Lane, C., 2009	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Anethum graveolens/	Anethum graveolens	dill			leaf
		infects and damages leaf			Coriandrum sativum	Coriander	Apiales: Apiaceae	Leaf blight of dill and coriander, Lane, C., 2009	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Coriandrum sativum/	Coriandrum sativum	coriander			leaf
		is saprobic on decayed, dead root			Daucus carota	Carrot, Wild Carrot	Apiales: Apiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Daucus carota/	Daucus carota	carrot, wild carrot		decayed, dead	root
		infects and damages leaf			Pastinaca sativa ssp sativa var hortensis	Parsnip	Apiales: Apiaceae	Leaf blight of dill and coriander, Lane, C., 2009	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa var. hortensis/	Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa var. hortensis	parsnip			leaf
		infects and damages black, cankered root			Pastinaca sativa ssp sativa var hortensis	Parsnip	Apiales: Apiaceae	Leaf blight of dill and coriander, Lane, C., 2009	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa var. hortensis/	Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa var. hortensis	parsnip		black, cankered	root
		infects and damages flower			Dendranthema	florist’s chrysanthemums, "mums"	Asterales: Asteraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Leaf blight of dill and coriander, Lane, C., 2009 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Dendranthema/	Dendranthema	florist's chrysanthemums, "mums"			flower
		infects and damages live petal			Dahlia	dahlias	Asterales: Asteraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Dahlia/	Dahlia	dahlias		live	petal
		infects and damages live			Cynara	cardoons, globe artichokes	Asterales: Asteraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cynara/	Cynara	cardoons, globe artichokes		live
		is saprobic on decayed, dead wood			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches		decayed, dead	wood
		infects and damages flower			Anemone	anemones	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Cystofilobasidiales/Cystofilobasidiaceae/Itersonilia perplexans/	Itersonilia perplexans	chrysanthemum petal blight (causative organism)					Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Anemone/	Anemone	anemones			flower

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ingold, C.T., 1989	Conidiobolus osmodes isolated from Auricularia auricula-judae	Mycol. Res. Vol 93 (3): 335-339.
Ingold, C.T., 1991	Itersonilia	Mycologist Vol 05 (1): 35-37.
Lane, C., 2009	Leaf blight of dill and coriander	Plant Clinic News December: 2.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Itersonilia perplexans (Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Itersonilia perplexans (Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Anamorphic Species	Itersonilia perplexans (Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism)
Family	CYSTOFILOBASIDIACEAE (a family of fungi)
Order	CYSTOFILOBASIDIALES (an order of fungi)
Class	TREMELLOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Itersonilia perplexans is also a member of:
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Itersonilia perplexans (Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Ingold, C.T.	1991	Itersonilia	Mycologist Vol 05 (1): 35-37.
	Lane, C.	2009	Leaf blight of dill and coriander	Plant Clinic News December: 2.

Itersonilia perplexans (Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

TREMELLOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Brady, B.L.	1960	Occurrence of Itersonilia and Tilletiopsis on lesions caused by Entyloma	TBMS Vol 43 (1): 31-50.
Ingold, C.T.	1999	Active liberation of reproductive units in terrestrial fungi	Mycologist Vol 13 (3): 113-116.
Ingold, C.T.	1990	The Ballistospore	Mycologist Vol 4(1): 36-37.
Ingold, C.T.	1987	Features of ballistospore germination in Itersonilia	TBMS Vol 89 (4): 575-578.
Ingold, C.T.	1986	Chlamydospore ontogeny in Itersonilia	TBMS Vol 86 (3): 501-503.
Ingold, C.T.	1985	Water and spore discharge in ascomycetes and hymenomycetes	TBMS Vol 85 (4): 575-583+Plate.
Ingold, C.T.	1984	Further observations on Itersonilia	TBMS Vol 83 (1): 166-174.
Webster, J. & Weber, R.W.S.	2001	Teaching techniques for mycology: 16. Ballistospore liberation in Itersonilia perplexans	Mycologist Vol 15 (4): 167-170.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Itersonilia perplexans (Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism):

TREMELLOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 2 images of Itersonilia perplexans (Chrysanthemum Petal Blight - causative organism)

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