Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola f.sp. avenae (a black stem rust)

Interactions where Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola f.sp. avenae is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live sheath	Arrhenatherum elatius	False Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Arrhenatherum elatius/	Arrhenatherum elatius	false oat-grass	live	sheath
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live stem	Arrhenatherum elatius	False Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Arrhenatherum elatius/	Arrhenatherum elatius	false oat-grass	live	stem
uredium	uredium parasitises live leaf	Arrhenatherum elatius	False Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Arrhenatherum elatius/	Arrhenatherum elatius	false oat-grass	live	leaf
uredium	uredium parasitises live stem	Arrhenatherum elatius	False Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Arrhenatherum elatius/	Arrhenatherum elatius	false oat-grass	live	stem
uredium (amphigenous)	amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf	Arrhenatherum elatius	False Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	amphigenous	uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Arrhenatherum elatius/	Arrhenatherum elatius	false oat-grass	live	leaf
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live sheath	Alopecurus pratensis	Meadow Foxtail	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Alopecurus pratensis/	Alopecurus pratensis	meadow foxtail	live	sheath
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live stem	Alopecurus pratensis	Meadow Foxtail	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Alopecurus pratensis/	Alopecurus pratensis	meadow foxtail	live	stem
uredium	uredium parasitises live stem	Alopecurus pratensis	Meadow Foxtail	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Alopecurus pratensis/	Alopecurus pratensis	meadow foxtail	live	stem
uredium	uredium parasitises live sheath	Alopecurus pratensis	Meadow Foxtail	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Alopecurus pratensis/	Alopecurus pratensis	meadow foxtail	live	sheath
uredium (amphigenous)	amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf	Alopecurus pratensis	Meadow Foxtail	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	amphigenous	uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Alopecurus pratensis/	Alopecurus pratensis	meadow foxtail	live	leaf
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live stem	Avena fatua	Wild-oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena fatua/	Avena fatua	wild-oat	live	stem
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live sheath	Avena fatua	Wild-oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena fatua/	Avena fatua	wild-oat	live	sheath
uredium	uredium parasitises live stem	Avena fatua	Wild-oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena fatua/	Avena fatua	wild-oat	live	stem
uredium	uredium parasitises live sheath	Avena fatua	Wild-oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena fatua/	Avena fatua	wild-oat	live	sheath
uredium (amphigenous)	amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf	Avena fatua	Wild-oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	amphigenous	uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena fatua/	Avena fatua	wild-oat	live	leaf
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live stem	Avena sativa	Oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena sativa/	Avena sativa	oat	live	stem
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live sheath	Avena sativa	Oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena sativa/	Avena sativa	oat	live	sheath
uredium	uredium parasitises live sheath	Avena sativa	Oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena sativa/	Avena sativa	oat	live	sheath
uredium	uredium parasitises live stem	Avena sativa	Oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena sativa/	Avena sativa	oat	live	stem
uredium (amphigenous)	amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf	Avena sativa	Oat	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	amphigenous	uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Avena sativa/	Avena sativa	oat	live	leaf
telium	telium parasitises live sheath	Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s Foot, Cock’s-foot	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Dactylis glomerata/	Dactylis glomerata	cock’s foot, cock's-foot	live	sheath
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live stem	Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s Foot, Cock’s-foot	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Dactylis glomerata/	Dactylis glomerata	cock’s foot, cock's-foot	live	stem
uredium	uredium parasitises live stem	Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s Foot, Cock’s-foot	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Dactylis glomerata/	Dactylis glomerata	cock’s foot, cock's-foot	live	stem
uredium	uredium parasitises live sheath	Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s Foot, Cock’s-foot	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Dactylis glomerata/	Dactylis glomerata	cock’s foot, cock's-foot	live	sheath
uredium (amphigenous)	amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf	Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s Foot, Cock’s-foot	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	amphigenous	uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Dactylis glomerata/	Dactylis glomerata	cock’s foot, cock's-foot	live	leaf
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live stem	Trisetum flavescens	Yellow Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Trisetum flavescens/	Trisetum flavescens	yellow oat-grass	live	stem
telium (linear)	linear telium parasitises live sheath	Trisetum flavescens	Yellow Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	linear	telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Trisetum flavescens/	Trisetum flavescens	yellow oat-grass	live	sheath
uredium	uredium parasitises live sheath	Trisetum flavescens	Yellow Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Trisetum flavescens/	Trisetum flavescens	yellow oat-grass	live	sheath
uredium	uredium parasitises live stem	Trisetum flavescens	Yellow Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Trisetum flavescens/	Trisetum flavescens	yellow oat-grass	live	stem
uredium (amphigenous)	amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf	Trisetum flavescens	Yellow Oat-grass	Poales: Poaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminicola f.sp. avenae	a black stem rust	amphigenous	uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Trisetum flavescens/	Trisetum flavescens	yellow oat-grass	live	leaf

Forma specialis	Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola f.sp. avenae (a black stem rust)
Subspecies	Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola (Black Stem Rusts Of Wild Grasses)
Species	Puccinia graminis (Black Stem Rust)
Genus	Puccinia (a genus of rust fungi)
Family	PUCCINIACEAE (a family of rust fungi)
Order	PUCCINIALES (rust fungi)
Class	PUCCINIOMYCETES (rust fungi etc)
Subphylum	PUCCINIOMYCOTINA (rust fungi etc)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola f.sp. avenae Eriks. & Henn.
(a black stem rust)

Interactions where Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola f.sp. avenae is the dominant partner and gains from the process

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola f.sp. avenae is also a member of:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Batts, C.C.V., 1951	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland.	TBMS Vol 34 (4): 533-538.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew