Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli Liro
(a seed smut fungus)

Interactions where Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
sorus (immersed)		immersed sorus infects and damages seeds (in capsule)			Calystegia sepium	Hedge Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus		immersed		sorus	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Calystegia sepium/	Calystegia sepium	hedge bindweed			seeds (in capsule)				(8-10)
Thecaphorella anamorph		Thecaphorella anamorph causes gall of swollen, stunted, sub-sessile anther			Calystegia sepium	Hedge Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud., Ellis, E.A., 1962 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984 Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus				Thecaphorella anamorph	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Calystegia sepium/	Calystegia sepium	hedge bindweed		swollen, stunted, sub-sessile	anther				(6-10)
sorus (immersed)		immersed sorus infects and damages seeds (in capsule)			Calystegia silvatica	Large Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus		immersed		sorus	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Calystegia silvatica/	Calystegia silvatica	large bindweed			seeds (in capsule)				(8-10)
Thecaphorella anamorph		Thecaphorella anamorph causes gall of swollen, stunted, sub-sessile anther			Calystegia silvatica	Large Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud., Ellis, E.A., 1962 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984 Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus				Thecaphorella anamorph	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Calystegia silvatica/	Calystegia silvatica	large bindweed		swollen, stunted, sub-sessile	anther				(6-10)
sorus (immersed)		immersed sorus infects and damages seeds (in capsule)			Calystegia soldanella	Sea Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud., Ellis, E.A., 1962 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus		immersed		sorus	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Calystegia soldanella/	Calystegia soldanella	sea bindweed			seeds (in capsule)				(8-10)
Thecaphorella anamorph		Thecaphorella anamorph causes gall of swollen, stunted, sub-sessile anther			Calystegia soldanella	Sea Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud., Ellis, E.A., 1962 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984 Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus				Thecaphorella anamorph	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Calystegia soldanella/	Calystegia soldanella	sea bindweed		swollen, stunted, sub-sessile	anther				(6-10)
sorus (immersed)		immersed sorus infects and damages seeds (in capsule)			Convolvulus arvensis	Field Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud., Ellis, E.A., 1962 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus		immersed		sorus	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Convolvulus arvensis/	Convolvulus arvensis	field bindweed			seeds (in capsule)				(8-10)
Thecaphorella anamorph		Thecaphorella anamorph causes gall of swollen, stunted, sub-sessile anther			Convolvulus arvensis	Field Bindweed	Solanales: Convolvulaceae	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud., Ellis, E.A., 1962 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984 Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli/	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli	a seed smut fungus				Thecaphorella anamorph	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Convolvulus arvensis/	Convolvulus arvensis	field bindweed		swollen, stunted, sub-sessile	anther				(6-10)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Ellis, E.A., 1962	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud.	Kew Bulletin 16: 251-252.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984	Ustilaginales of the British Isles	Mycological Papers, No 154, 96pp, Commonwealth Mycological Institute
Storey, M.W., 2015	Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide	www.bioimages.org.uk

Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (a seed smut fungus) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (a seed smut fungus) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (a seed smut fungus)
Genus	Thecaphora (a genus of seed smut fungi)
Family	GLOMOSPORIACEAE (a family of seed smut fungi)
Order	UROCYSTIDALES (an order of fungi)
Class	USTILAGINOMYCETES (smut fungi and relatives)
Subphylum	USTILAGINOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ustilaginomycetes)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (a seed smut fungus)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Ellis, E.A.	1962	Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.) S. Ito and Gloeosporium antherarum Oud.	Kew Bulletin 16: 251-252.

Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (a seed smut fungus) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (a seed smut fungus):

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 34 images of Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (a seed smut fungus)

This smut may be found either by searching for flowers with swollen anthers, or by bursting the ripe capsules with your fingers, from late August onwards and looking for dark dusty spores. Beware that the large ripe seeds are black and when half-ripe they can look as though they are covered in dust, but a true infection will produce copious spore dust from large lesions on the seeds.

Infected host flowers stay open into the evening after uninfected flowers have closed for the night.

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