Urocystis anemones (Pers.) G. Winter
(Anemone Smut)

Interactions where Urocystis anemones is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
		colony causes gall of live, blistered leaf			Anemone	anemones	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Anemone/	Anemone	anemones		live, blistered	leaf		Major		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered stem			Anemone	anemones	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Anemone/	Anemone	anemones		live, blistered	stem		Major		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered leaf			Anemone nemorosa	Wood Anemone, Windflower	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Anemone nemorosa/	Anemone nemorosa	wood anemone, windflower		live, blistered	leaf		Major		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered stem			Anemone nemorosa	Wood Anemone, Windflower	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Anemone nemorosa/	Anemone nemorosa	wood anemone, windflower		live, blistered	stem		Major		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered leaf			[Anemone sp. cult.]	garden anemones	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Anemone sp. cult./	Anemone sp. cult.	garden anemones		live, blistered	leaf		Minor		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered leaf			Pulsatilla vulgaris	Pasqueflower	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Pulsatilla vulgaris/	Pulsatilla vulgaris	pasqueflower		live, blistered	leaf				(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered stem			Pulsatilla vulgaris	Pasqueflower	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Pulsatilla vulgaris/	Pulsatilla vulgaris	pasqueflower		live, blistered	stem				(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered leaf			Ranunculus repens	Creeping Buttercup	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus repens/	Ranunculus repens	creeping buttercup		live, blistered	leaf		Major		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered stem			Ranunculus repens	Creeping Buttercup	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus repens/	Ranunculus repens	creeping buttercup		live, blistered	stem		Major		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered stem			[Trollius sp. cult.]	cultivated globe-flowers	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Trollius sp. cult./	Trollius sp. cult.	cultivated globe-flowers		live, blistered	stem		Major		(4-9)
		colony causes gall of live, blistered leaf			[Trollius sp. cult.]	cultivated globe-flowers	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis anemones/	Urocystis anemones	anemone smut			colony		Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Trollius sp. cult./	Trollius sp. cult.	cultivated globe-flowers		live, blistered	leaf		Major		(4-9)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Storey, M.W., 2015	Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide	www.bioimages.org.uk
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Urocystis anemones (Anemone Smut) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Urocystis anemones (Anemone Smut) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Urocystis anemones (Anemone Smut)
Genus	Urocystis (a genus of smut fungi)
Family	UROCYSTIDACEAE (a family of fungi)
Order	UROCYSTIDALES (an order of fungi)
Class	USTILAGINOMYCETES (smut fungi and relatives)
Subphylum	USTILAGINOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Urocystis anemones is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ustilaginomycetes)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Urocystis anemones (Anemone Smut)

Urocystis anemones (Anemone Smut) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Ingold, C.T.	1987	Germination of teliospores in certain smuts	TBMS Vol 88 (3): 355-363.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Urocystis anemones (Anemone Smut):

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 24 images of Urocystis anemones (Anemone Smut)

Widespread and locally common, especially in Yorkshire.

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