Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr.
(Witches’ Butter)

Interactions where Exidia glandulosa is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood Major Corylus hazels Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/Corylushazelsdead, attachedwoodMajor
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood Major Corylus hazels Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/Corylushazelsdead, fallenwoodMajor
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood Major Fagus beeches Fagales: Fagaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/Fagusbeechesdead, attachedwoodMajor
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood Major Fagus beeches Fagales: Fagaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/Fagusbeechesdead, fallenwoodMajor
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood Major Quercus oaks Fagales: Fagaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/Quercusoaksdead, attachedwoodMajor
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood Major Quercus oaks Fagales: Fagaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/Quercusoaksdead, fallenwoodMajor
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood [Broadleaved trees] broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/Broadleaved treesbroadleaved, frondose or deciduous treesdead, attachedwood
fruitbody fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood [Broadleaved trees] broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/Broadleaved treesbroadleaved, frondose or deciduous treesdead, fallenwood

Interactions where Exidia glandulosa is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
hymenium (live) live hymenium of fruitbody is galled by Heteromycophaga anamorph UK/Ireland Heteromycophaga glandulosae a jelly fungus Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Heteromycophaga glandulosae/Heteromycophaga glandulosaea jelly fungusHeteromycophaga anamorph Fungus / gallUK and/or Eire /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/Exidia glandulosawitches' butterlivehymeniumfruitbody Heteromycophaga anamorph causes galls on live hymenium of fruitbody

Author & YearTitleSource
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesExidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter)
GenusExidia (brain fungi)
FamilyAURICULARIACEAE (a family of jelly fungi)
OrderAURICULARIALES (an order of jelly fungi)
SubclassAGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
ClassAGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
SubphylumAGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
PhylumBASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
KingdomFUNGI (true fungi)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter)

Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Gruffydd, E. 1985 Witches’ Butter in Wales Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 19 (1): 63-65.
Ingold, C.T. 1993 Phialide-like conidial apparatus in heterobasidiomycetes Mycologist Vol 07 (3): 106-107.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 25 images of Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter)
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