Mycosphaerella pini Rostr. ex Munk
(Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism)

Interactions where Mycosphaerella pini is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
ascoma (erumpent)		erumpent ascoma infects and damages live needle			Pinus	pines	Pinales: Pinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism		erumpent		ascoma	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus/	Pinus	pines		live	needle		Minor
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle			Pinus	pines	Pinales: Pinaceae	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain, Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus/	Pinus	pines		live	needle		Minor
ascoma (erumpent)		erumpent ascoma infects and damages live needle			Pinus contorta var latifolia	Lodgepole Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain, Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism		erumpent		ascoma	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus contorta var. latifolia/	Pinus contorta var. latifolia	lodgepole pine		live	needle
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle			Pinus contorta var latifolia	Lodgepole Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain, Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus contorta var. latifolia/	Pinus contorta var. latifolia	lodgepole pine		live	needle		Major
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live branch			Pinus contorta var latifolia	Lodgepole Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae		/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus contorta var. latifolia/	Pinus contorta var. latifolia	lodgepole pine		live	branch		Major
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle			Pinus mugo	Dwarf Mountain Pine, Dwarf Mountain-pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics, Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M., 2009	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live	needle
ascoma (erumpent)		erumpent ascoma infects and damages live needle			Pinus nigra	Austrian Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism		erumpent		ascoma	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra/	Pinus nigra	Austrian pine		live	needle
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle			Pinus nigra	Austrian Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics, Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M., 2009 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra/	Pinus nigra	Austrian pine		live	needle
ascoma (erumpent)		erumpent ascoma infects and damages live needle			Pinus nigra ssp salzmannii var corsicana	Corsican Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain, Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism		erumpent		ascoma	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. corsicana/	Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. corsicana	Corsican pine		live	needle
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle			Pinus nigra ssp salzmannii var corsicana	Corsican Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain, Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. corsicana/	Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. corsicana	Corsican pine		live	needle		Major
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live branch			Pinus nigra ssp salzmannii var corsicana	Corsican Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae		/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. corsicana/	Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. corsicana	Corsican pine		live	branch		Major
ascoma (erumpent)		erumpent ascoma infects and damages live needle			Pinus radiata	Monterey Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism		erumpent		ascoma	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus radiata/	Pinus radiata	Monterey pine		live	needle
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle			Pinus radiata	Monterey Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus radiata/	Pinus radiata	Monterey pine		live	needle
ascoma (erumpent)		erumpent ascoma infects and damages live needle			Pinus sylvestris	Scots Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain, Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism		erumpent		ascoma	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus sylvestris/	Pinus sylvestris	Scots pine		live	needle
Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph		Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle			Pinus sylvestris	Scots Pine	Pinales: Pinaceae	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain, Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008 Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics, Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M., 2009	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus sylvestris/	Pinus sylvestris	Scots pine		live	needle		Rare

Author & Year	Title	Source
Brown, A. & Webber, J., 2008	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain	Forestry Commission Research Notes, 02, 8pp, Forestry Commission
Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M., 2009	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics	Forestry Studies \| Metsanduslikud Uurimused Vol 51: 49-64.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd

Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Mycosphaerella
(a genus of ascomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism)
Genus	Mycosphaerella (a genus of ascomycetes)
Family	MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE (a family of ascomycetes and lichens)
Order	CAPNODIALES (sooty moulds)
Subclass	DOTHIDEOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of fungi)
Class	DOTHIDEOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Mycosphaerella pini is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Bradshaw, R.E.	2006	Fig 2. Radiata pine showing red bands characteristic of Dothistroma needle-blight.	Vol 20 (4) Page: Front cover, 136
	Brown, A. & Webber, J.	2008	Red band needle blight of conifers in Britain	Forestry Commission Research Notes, 02, 8pp, Forestry Commission
	Forest Research	2006	Path News Issue 12: May 2006
	Forest Research	2005	Path News Issue 11: July 2005
	Forest Research	2002	Path News Issue 1: July 2002

Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Mycosphaerella
(a genus of ascomycetes)

MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE
(a family of ascomycetes and lichens)

CAPNODIALES
(sooty moulds)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M.	2009	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics	Forestry Studies \| Metsanduslikud Uurimused Vol 51: 49-64.
Forest Research	2004	Path News Issue 7: April 2004

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism):

Mycosphaerella
(a genus of ascomycetes)

MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE
(a family of ascomycetes and lichens)

CAPNODIALES
(sooty moulds)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

A serious disease of Pines (Pinus) that has only recently arrived in this country following the wind-blown spread of its spores across Europe.

It attacks the living needles causes Dothistroma needle-blight (AKA Red-band needle-blight) resulting in the loss of all except the current year’s needles.

In the UK, Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii var. corsicana) and Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) are the main species affected. In heavily infected plantations the defoliation is so severe that nettles and other plants are able to form an understorey in what would otherwise be dense shade.

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