Unaspis euonymi (Comstock, 1881)
(Euonymus Scale)

Interactions where Unaspis euonymi is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
female (densely colonial)		densely colonial female sucks sap of live stem			Euonymus	spindles	Celastrales: Celastraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Unaspis euonymi/	Unaspis euonymi	Euonymus scale		densely colonial		female	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/	Euonymus	spindles		live	stem		Minor
male (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous male sucks sap of live leaf			Euonymus	spindles	Celastrales: Celastraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Unaspis euonymi/	Unaspis euonymi	Euonymus scale		hypophyllous		male	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/	Euonymus	spindles		live	leaf		Minor
female (densely colonial)		densely colonial female sucks sap of live stem			Euonymus japonicus	Evergreen Spindle, Japanese Spindle	Celastrales: Celastraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Unaspis euonymi/	Unaspis euonymi	Euonymus scale		densely colonial		female	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus japonicus/	Euonymus japonicus	evergreen spindle, Japanese spindle		live	stem		Major
male (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous male sucks sap of live leaf			Euonymus japonicus	Evergreen Spindle, Japanese Spindle	Celastrales: Celastraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Unaspis euonymi/	Unaspis euonymi	Euonymus scale		hypophyllous		male	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus japonicus/	Euonymus japonicus	evergreen spindle, Japanese spindle		live	leaf		Major

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins

Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus Scale) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

INSECTA
(true insects)

Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus Scale) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

COCCOIDEA
(scale insects, coccids)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus Scale)
Family	DIASPIDIDAE (armoured scales)
Superfamily	COCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids)
Suborder	STERNORRHYNCHA (a suborder of bugs)
Order	HEMIPTERA (bugs)
Division	Exopterygota (earwigs, grasshoppers, stoneflies, true bugs, and other insects with wings developing externally)
Infraclass	Neoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
Subclass	PTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
Class	INSECTA (true insects)
Subphylum	HEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
Phylum	ARTHROPODA (arthropods)
Superphylum	ECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
Clade	Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
Subkingdom	EUMETAZOA (metazoans)
Kingdom	ANIMALIA (animals)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Unaspis euonymi is also a member of:
Invertebrates - Invertebrates (via Arthropoda)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus Scale)

Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus Scale) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

DIASPIDIDAE
(armoured scales)

COCCOIDEA
(scale insects, coccids)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus Scale):

DIASPIDIDAE
(armoured scales)

COCCOIDEA
(scale insects, coccids)

STERNORRHYNCHA
(a suborder of bugs)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

PTERYGOTA
(bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

EUMETAZOA
(metazoans)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 7 images of Unaspis euonymi (Euonymus Scale)

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