Melampsorella symphyti (DC.) Bubák
(Comfrey Rust)

Interactions where Melampsorella symphyti is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
telium (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous telium infects and damages live, usually pale and small leaf			Symphytum asperum	Rough Comfrey	Boraginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum asperum/	Symphytum asperum	rough comfrey		live, usually pale and small	leaf
uredium (hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf)		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf uredium infects and damages live leaf			Symphytum asperum	Rough Comfrey	Boraginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf		uredium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum asperum/	Symphytum asperum	rough comfrey		live	leaf
telium (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous telium infects and damages live, usually pale and small leaf			Symphytum officinale	Common Comfrey	Boraginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum officinale/	Symphytum officinale	common comfrey		live, usually pale and small	leaf
uredium (hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf)		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf uredium infects and damages live leaf			Symphytum officinale	Common Comfrey	Boraginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf		uredium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum officinale/	Symphytum officinale	common comfrey		live	leaf
telium (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous telium infects and damages live, usually pale and small leaf			Symphytum officinale x asperum = S. x uplandicum	Russian comfrey	Boraginaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum officinale x asperum = S. x uplandicum/	Symphytum officinale x asperum = S. x uplandicum	Russian comfrey		live, usually pale and small	leaf
uredium (hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf)		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf uredium infects and damages live leaf			Symphytum officinale x asperum = S. x uplandicum	Russian comfrey	Boraginaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf		uredium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum officinale x asperum = S. x uplandicum/	Symphytum officinale x asperum = S. x uplandicum	Russian comfrey		live	leaf
telium (hypophyllous)		hypophyllous telium infects and damages live, usually pale and small leaf			Symphytum tuberosum	Tuberous Comfrey	Boraginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum tuberosum/	Symphytum tuberosum	tuberous comfrey		live, usually pale and small	leaf
uredium (hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf)		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf uredium infects and damages live leaf			Symphytum tuberosum	Tuberous Comfrey	Boraginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella symphyti/	Melampsorella symphyti	comfrey rust		hypophyllous, often covering whole leaf		uredium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum tuberosum/	Symphytum tuberosum	tuberous comfrey		live	leaf

Author & Year	Title	Source
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Melampsorella symphyti (Comfrey Rust) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Melampsorella symphyti (Comfrey Rust) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

PUCCINIALES
(rust fungi)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Melampsorella symphyti (Comfrey Rust)
Family	PUCCINIASTRACEAE (a family of rust fungi)
Order	PUCCINIALES (rust fungi)
Class	PUCCINIOMYCETES (rust fungi etc)
Subphylum	PUCCINIOMYCOTINA (rust fungi etc)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Melampsorella symphyti is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Pucciniomycetes)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Melampsorella symphyti (Comfrey Rust)

Melampsorella symphyti (Comfrey Rust) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PUCCINIALES
(rust fungi)

PUCCINIOMYCETES
(rust fungi etc)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Melampsorella symphyti (Comfrey Rust):

PUCCINIALES
(rust fungi)

PUCCINIOMYCETES
(rust fungi etc)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Widespread in England; few records from Scotland, Wales, Ireland or the west country.

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