Phleum (cat's-tails)

Interactions where Phleum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is foodplant of pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Didymella phleina	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Didymella phleina/	Didymella phleina	an ascomycete		pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails					pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
	is parasitised by Mastigosporium anamorph	Mastigosporium cylindricum	an anamorphic fungus		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Mastigosporium cylindricum/	Mastigosporium cylindricum	an anamorphic fungus			Mastigosporium anamorph	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails					Mastigosporium anamorph parasitises
(dead)	dead is decayed by colony of Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Drechslera dematioidea, Punithalingam, E., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera dematioidea/	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	dead				colony of Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead
ear	ear may be infected and damaged by colony of Fusarium anamorph	Fusarium poae	Carnation Bud Rot, Silvertop Disease (A causative organism)	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Fusarium poae/	Fusarium poae	carnation bud rot, silvertop disease (a causative organism)		colony	Fusarium anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails		ear			colony of Fusarium anamorph infects and damages ear
leaf (basal) (live)	live leaf (basal) is parasitised by cleistothecium	Blumeria graminis	Grass Mildew, Grass and Cereal Powdery Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Blumeria graminis/	Blumeria graminis	grass mildew, grass and cereal powdery mildew			cleistothecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	live	leaf (basal)		(7-10)	cleistothecium parasitises live leaf (basal)
leaf	leaf is foodplant of hidden under carried excrement larva	Oulema duftschmidi/melanopus	cereal leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Oulema duftschmidi/melanopus/	Oulema duftschmidi/melanopus	cereal leaf beetle	hidden under carried excrement		larva	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails		leaf			hidden under carried excrement larva feeds on leaf
leaf	leaf is foodplant of adult	Oulema duftschmidi/melanopus	cereal leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Oulema duftschmidi/melanopus/	Oulema duftschmidi/melanopus	cereal leaf beetle			adult	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails		leaf		(1-12)	adult feeds on leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza nigrella	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza nigrella/	Agromyza nigrella	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails		leaf			larva mines leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Selandria serva	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Selandria serva/	Selandria serva	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails		leaf	Major		larva grazes on leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by colony of Cercosporidium dematiaceous anamorph	Mycosphaerella recutita	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella recutita/	Mycosphaerella recutita	an ascomycete		colony	Cercosporidium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	dead	leaf			colony of Cercosporidium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (fading)	fading leaf is spotted by gregarious, with smoky-brown pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta graminicola	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935 British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta graminicola/	Ascochyta graminicola	a coelomycete	gregarious, with smoky-brown pore	pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	fading	leaf		(late summer)	gregarious, with smoky-brown pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by effuse, mainly epiphyllous colony of Oidium anamorph	Blumeria graminis	Grass Mildew, Grass and Cereal Powdery Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Blumeria graminis/	Blumeria graminis	grass mildew, grass and cereal powdery mildew	effuse, mainly epiphyllous	colony	Oidium anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	live	leaf		(2+)	effuse, mainly epiphyllous colony of Oidium anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium agropyri	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism, Couch Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium agropyri/	Rhynchosporium agropyri	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism, couch scald	immersed	stromatic	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	live	leaf			immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium orthosporum	Cocksfoot Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium orthosporum/	Rhynchosporium orthosporum	cocksfoot scald	immersed, thin, subcuticular	stromatic plates	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	live	leaf			immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
sheath (dead)	dead sheath is decayed by colony of Cercosporidium dematiaceous anamorph	Mycosphaerella recutita	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella recutita/	Mycosphaerella recutita	an ascomycete		colony	Cercosporidium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	dead	sheath			colony of Cercosporidium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is parasitised by cleistothecium	Blumeria graminis	Grass Mildew, Grass and Cereal Powdery Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Blumeria graminis/	Blumeria graminis	grass mildew, grass and cereal powdery mildew			cleistothecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	live	sheath		(7-10)	cleistothecium parasitises live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is spotted by immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium agropyri	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism, Couch Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium agropyri/	Rhynchosporium agropyri	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism, couch scald	immersed	stromatic	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	live	sheath			immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is spotted by immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium orthosporum	Cocksfoot Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium orthosporum/	Rhynchosporium orthosporum	cocksfoot scald	immersed, thin, subcuticular	stromatic plates	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails	live	sheath			immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live sheath
stem	stem may contain larva	Cephus pygmeus	Wheat Stem Borer	Hymenoptera: Cephidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cephidae/Cephus pygmeus/	Cephus pygmeus	wheat stem borer			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails		stem			larva feeds within stem
stem	stem is galled by stroma	Epichloe typhina	Choke	Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae	Biology of the Epichloe-Botanophila interaction: an intriguing association between fungi and insects, Bultman, T.L. & Leuchtmann, A., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe typhina/	Epichloe typhina	choke			stroma	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phleum/	Phleum	cat's-tails		stem			stroma causes gall of stem

Subtaxon	Rank	No of interactions
Phleum alpinum Alpine Cat’s-tail	Species	2 trophisms
Phleum bertolonii Smaller Cat’s-tail	Species	2 trophisms
Phleum pratense Timothy	Species	1 trophisms
Phleum pratense sens.lat. timothy	Species aggregate	21 trophisms

Genus	Phleum (cat’s-tails)
Tribe	Poeae (a tribe of grasses)
Subfamily	POOIDEAE (a subfamily of grasses)
Family	POACEAE (grasses, couch)
Order	POALES (grasses, sedges & rushes)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Phleum L.
(cat’s-tails)

Interactions where Phleum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Benson, R.B., 1951	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(a), 49pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Benson, R.B., 1952	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Braun, U., 1995	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Bultman, T.L. & Leuchtmann, A., 2008	Biology of the Epichloe-Botanophila interaction: an intriguing association between fungi and insects	Fungal Biology Reviews Vol 22 (3-4): 131-138.
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland	336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	New or interesting British fungi	TBMS Vol 29 (3): 141-166.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press
Punithalingam, E., 1990	Drechslera dematioidea	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1009.
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London