Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr.
(Witches’ Butter)

Interactions where Exidia glandulosa is the controlling partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood			Corylus	hazels	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/	Corylus	hazels		dead, attached	wood		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood			Corylus	hazels	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/	Corylus	hazels		dead, fallen	wood		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches		dead, attached	wood		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches		dead, fallen	wood		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks		dead, attached	wood		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks		dead, fallen	wood		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood			[Broadleaved trees]	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/	Broadleaved trees	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		dead, attached	wood
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood			[Broadleaved trees]	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/	Broadleaved trees	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		dead, fallen	wood

Interactions where Exidia glandulosa is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
hymenium (live)		live hymenium of fruitbody is galled by Heteromycophaga anamorph			Heteromycophaga glandulosae	a jelly fungus		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Heteromycophaga glandulosae/	Heteromycophaga glandulosae	a jelly fungus				Heteromycophaga anamorph	Fungus / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia glandulosa/	Exidia glandulosa	witches' butter		live	hymenium	fruitbody				Heteromycophaga anamorph causes galls on live hymenium of fruitbody

Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Author & Year	Title	Source
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter)
Genus	Exidia (brain fungi)
Family	AURICULARIACEAE (a family of jelly fungi)
Order	AURICULARIALES (an order of jelly fungi)
Subclass	AGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
Class	AGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Exidia glandulosa is also a member of:
Macromycetes - larger fungi, macrofungi (via Auriculariaceae)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter)

Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Exidia
(brain fungi)

AURICULARIALES
(an order of jelly fungi)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Literature

Witches' Butter in Wales

Phialide-like conidial apparatus in heterobasidiomycetes

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Exidia glandulosa (Witches’ Butter):

Exidia
(brain fungi)

AURICULARIALES
(an order of jelly fungi)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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