Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Cockerell)
(Fletcher Scale)

Interactions where Parthenolecanium fletcheri is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
sucks sap of live foliage Restricted CUPRESSACEAE cypresses, junipers, redwoods, and red- and incense cedars Pinales Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Cupressaceaecypresses, junipers, redwoods, and red- and incense cedarslivefoliageSole
sucks sap of live shoot Restricted CUPRESSACEAE cypresses, junipers, redwoods, and red- and incense cedars Pinales Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Cupressaceaecypresses, junipers, redwoods, and red- and incense cedarsliveshootSole
sucks sap of live bark Restricted CUPRESSACEAE cypresses, junipers, redwoods, and red- and incense cedars Pinales Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Cupressaceaecypresses, junipers, redwoods, and red- and incense cedarslivebarkSole
sucks sap of live foliage Major Thuja red cedars Pinales: Cupressaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Thuja/Thujared cedarslivefoliageMajor
sucks sap of live shoot Major Thuja red cedars Pinales: Cupressaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Thuja/Thujared cedarsliveshootMajor
sucks sap of live bark Major Thuja red cedars Pinales: Cupressaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Thuja/Thujared cedarslivebarkMajor
sucks sap of live foliage UK/Ireland Thuja plicata Western Red-cedar Pinales: Cupressaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Thuja plicata/Thuja plicatawestern red-cedarlivefoliage
sucks sap of live shoot UK/Ireland Thuja plicata Western Red-cedar Pinales: Cupressaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Thuja plicata/Thuja plicatawestern red-cedarliveshoot
sucks sap of live bark UK/Ireland Thuja plicata Western Red-cedar Pinales: Cupressaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Cupressaceae/Thuja plicata/Thuja plicatawestern red-cedarlivebark

Interactions where Parthenolecanium fletcheri is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is predated by Anthribus nebulosus a fungus weevil Coleoptera: Anthribidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Anthribidae/Anthribus nebulosus/Anthribus nebulosusa fungus weevil Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is predator of
is parasitoid host of Coccophagus lycimnia a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Aphelinidae/Coccophagus lycimnia/Coccophagus lycimniaa chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Coccophagus fletcheri a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Aphelinidae/Coccophagus fletcheri/Coccophagus fletcheria chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Cheiloneurus albicornis a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Cheiloneurus albicornis/Cheiloneurus albicornisa chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Blastothrix hedqvisti a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Blastothrix hedqvisti/Blastothrix hedqvistia chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Blastothrix longipennis a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Blastothrix longipennis/Blastothrix longipennisa chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Blastothrix sericea a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Blastothrix sericea/Blastothrix sericeaa chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Metaphycus insidiosus a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Metaphycus insidiosus/Metaphycus insidiosusa chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Metaphycus pulvinariae a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Metaphycus pulvinariae/Metaphycus pulvinariaea chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Microterys nietneri a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Microterys nietneri/Microterys nietneria chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Microterys sylvius a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Microterys sylvius/Microterys sylviusa chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Encyrtus aurantii a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Encyrtus aurantii/Encyrtus aurantiia chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is parasitoid host of Metablastothrix claripennis a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Encyrtidae/Metablastothrix claripennis/Metablastothrix claripennisa chalcid wasp Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is parasitoid of
is predated by Chrysopa aspera (A Green Lacewing) Neuroptera: Chrysopidae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Neuroptera/Chrysopidae/Chrysopa aspera/Chrysopa aspera(a green lacewing) Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale is predator of
may be infected by Acrostalagmus anamorph Lecanicillium lecanii an entomogenous fungus Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Cordycipitaceae/Lecanicillium lecanii/Lecanicillium lecaniian entomogenous fungusAcrostalagmus anamorph Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Acrostalagmus anamorph infects
may be infected by Cephalosporium anamorph Lecanicillium lecanii an entomogenous fungus Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain, Malumphy, C., 2011
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Cordycipitaceae/Lecanicillium lecanii/Lecanicillium lecaniian entomogenous fungusCephalosporium anamorph Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Parthenolecanium fletcheri/Parthenolecanium fletcheriFletcher scale Cephalosporium anamorph infects

Author & YearTitleSource
Malumphy, C., 2011Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in BritainBr. J. Ent. Nat. Hist. Vol 24 (4): 211-216, Plate 14.

Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Fletcher Scale) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Fletcher Scale) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesParthenolecanium fletcheri (Fletcher Scale)
GenusParthenolecanium (a genus of scale insects)
FamilyCOCCIDAE (soft scales)
SuperfamilyCOCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids)
SuborderSTERNORRHYNCHA (a suborder of bugs)
OrderHEMIPTERA (bugs)
Division Exopterygota (earwigs, grasshoppers, stoneflies, true bugs, and other insects with wings developing externally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Malumphy, C. 2011 Fletcher Scale Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a North American pest of Cypress and Yew in Britain Br. J. Ent. Nat. Hist. Vol 24 (4): 211-216, Plate 14.

Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Fletcher Scale) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Fletcher Scale):

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