Pemphigus bursarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid)

Interactions where Pemphigus bursarius is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
wingless (subterranean)		subterranean wingless sucks sap of live root			Lactuca sativa	Garden Lettuce	Asterales: Asteraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius/	Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius	lettuce root aphid, purse gall aphid, poplar-lettuce aphid		subterranean		wingless	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Lactuca sativa/	Lactuca sativa	garden lettuce		live	root		Major
		causes gall of leaf (petiole)			Populus	poplars	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius/	Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius	lettuce root aphid, purse gall aphid, poplar-lettuce aphid					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Populus/	Populus	poplars			leaf (petiole)				(5-7)
		causes gall of leaf (petiole)			Populus nigra ’Italica’	Lombardy-poplar, Female Lombardy Poplar	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius/	Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius	lettuce root aphid, purse gall aphid, poplar-lettuce aphid					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Populus nigra 'Italica'/	Populus nigra 'Italica'	Lombardy-poplar, female Lombardy poplar			leaf (petiole)				(5-7)
egg		egg may be found on			Populus nigra ’Italica’	Lombardy-poplar, Female Lombardy Poplar	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius/	Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius	lettuce root aphid, purse gall aphid, poplar-lettuce aphid				egg	Plant / resting place / on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Populus nigra 'Italica'/	Populus nigra 'Italica'	Lombardy-poplar, female Lombardy poplar							(winter)
		causes gall of leaf (petiole)			Populus nigra x laurifolia = P. x berolinensis	berlin poplar	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius/	Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius	lettuce root aphid, purse gall aphid, poplar-lettuce aphid					Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Populus nigra x laurifolia = P. x berolinensis/	Populus nigra x laurifolia = P. x berolinensis	berlin poplar			leaf (petiole)				(5-7)
egg		egg may be found on			Populus nigra x laurifolia = P. x berolinensis	berlin poplar	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius/	Pemphigus (Pemphigus) bursarius	lettuce root aphid, purse gall aphid, poplar-lettuce aphid				egg	Plant / resting place / on		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Populus nigra x laurifolia = P. x berolinensis/	Populus nigra x laurifolia = P. x berolinensis	berlin poplar							(winter)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Fjelddalen, J., 1964	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962	Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Rotheray, G.E., 1989	Aphid Predators	Naturalists' Handbooks, 11, 77pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Pemphigus bursarius (Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

INSECTA
(true insects)

Pemphigus bursarius (Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Pemphigus
(a genus of galling aphids)

APHIDIDAE
(greenfly)

APHIDOIDEA
(aphids)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Pemphigus bursarius (Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid)
Genus	Pemphigus (a genus of galling aphids)
Family	APHIDIDAE (greenfly)
Superfamily	APHIDOIDEA (aphids)
Suborder	STERNORRHYNCHA (a suborder of bugs)
Order	HEMIPTERA (bugs)
Division	Exopterygota (earwigs, grasshoppers, stoneflies, true bugs, and other insects with wings developing externally)
Infraclass	Neoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
Subclass	PTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
Class	INSECTA (true insects)
Subphylum	HEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
Phylum	ARTHROPODA (arthropods)
Superphylum	ECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
Clade	Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
Subkingdom	EUMETAZOA (metazoans)
Kingdom	ANIMALIA (animals)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Pemphigus bursarius is also a member of:
Invertebrates - Invertebrates (via Arthropoda)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Pemphigus bursarius (Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid)

Pemphigus bursarius (Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

APHIDIDAE
(greenfly)

APHIDOIDEA
(aphids)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Cook, P.J.	2005	Pemphigus spirothecae galls on Black Poplar	BSBI News No 100: 14-15.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Pemphigus bursarius (Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid):

APHIDIDAE
(greenfly)

APHIDOIDEA
(aphids)

STERNORRHYNCHA
(a suborder of bugs)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

PTERYGOTA
(bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

EUMETAZOA
(metazoans)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 18 images of Pemphigus bursarius (Lettuce Root Aphid, Purse Gall Aphid, Poplar-lettuce Aphid)

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