Pinus nigra ssp nigra J.F. Arnold
(Austrian Pine)

Interactions where Pinus nigra ssp nigra is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		has sap sucked by adult			Gastrodes grossipes	Pine-cone Bug, Pine Cone Bug	Hemiptera: Lygaeidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Gastrodes grossipes/	Gastrodes grossipes	pine-cone bug, pine cone bug				adult	Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine								adult sucks sap of
(live)		live is parasitised by aecium			Coleosporium asterum	(Western Pine-aster Rust)	Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae	CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Coleosporium asterum on cut flowers imported from countries outside the EU, Jones, D.R., 2006	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Coleosporium asterum/	Coleosporium asterum	(western pine-aster rust)				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		live						aecium parasitises live
cone (fallen)		fallen cone is decayed by apothecium			Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium conigenum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium conigenum/	Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete				apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		fallen	cone				(2-6)	apothecium is saprobic on fallen cone
leaf		leaf is foodplant of scattered to subgregarious, immersed pycnidium of Macrophoma coelomycetous anamorph			Macrophoma strobi	a coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Macrophoma strobi/	Macrophoma strobi	a coelomycete		scattered to subgregarious, immersed	pycnidium	Macrophoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine			leaf				(1-6)	scattered to subgregarious, immersed pycnidium of Macrophoma coelomycetous anamorph feeds on leaf
needle (attached to living or dead branches)		attached to living or dead branches needle is decayed by subepidermal, mainly epiphyllous apothecium			Lophodermium seditiosum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium seditiosum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium seditiosum/	Lophodermium seditiosum	a discomycete		subepidermal, mainly epiphyllous		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		attached to living or dead branches	needle				(late summer-early autumn)	subepidermal, mainly epiphyllous apothecium is saprobic on attached to living or dead branches needle
needle (attached to living or dead branches)		attached to living or dead branches needle is decayed by immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph			Lophodermium seditiosum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium seditiosum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium seditiosum/	Lophodermium seditiosum	a discomycete		immersed	conidioma	Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		attached to living or dead branches	needle					immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on attached to living or dead branches needle
needle (dead)		dead needle is decayed by superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph			Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)		superficial, clustered, hypophyllous	pycnidium	Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		dead	needle				(late winter to early spring)	superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (dead)		dead needle is decayed by immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph			Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium conigenum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium conigenum/	Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete		immersed	conidioma	Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		dead	needle				(10-11)	immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (live, yellow mottled)		live, yellow mottled needle may be infected and damaged by Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph			Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)				Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		live, yellow mottled	needle				(mid- to late summer)	Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live, yellow mottled needle
twig (live)		live twig may be infected and damaged by apothecium			Gremmeniella abietina	Pine Die-back - causative organism	Helotiales: Godroniaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Gremmeniella abietina/	Gremmeniella abietina	pine die-back (causative organism)				apothecium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		live	twig					apothecium infects and damages live twig
twig (live)		live twig may be infected and damaged by Brunchorstia anamorph			Gremmeniella abietina	Pine Die-back - causative organism	Helotiales: Godroniaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Gremmeniella abietina/	Gremmeniella abietina	pine die-back (causative organism)				Brunchorstia anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus nigra subsp. nigra/	Pinus nigra subsp. nigra	Austrian pine		live	twig		Major			Brunchorstia anamorph infects and damages live twig

Author & Year	Title	Source
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Jones, D.R., 2006	CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Coleosporium asterum on cut flowers imported from countries outside the EU	PRAs for consultation on pest risk management PRAs for consultation on pest risk management.
Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	Lophodermium seditiosum	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 568.
Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	Lophodermium conigenum	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 565.
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Pinus nigra ssp nigra (Austrian Pine) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Pinus nigra
(Austrian Pine)

Pinus
(pines)

PINACEAE
(pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Introduced conifers
(conifers grown in Britain, but not native)

two-needled pines
(2-needled pines)

Evergreen trees and shrubs
(evergreens)

Trees with bark of low pH
(acid-barked trees)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Ectomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Subspecies	Pinus nigra ssp nigra (Austrian Pine)
Species	Pinus nigra (Austrian Pine)
Subgenus	Pinus (Pinus) (yellow or hard (two- and three-needled) pines)
Genus	Pinus (pines)
Family	PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)
Order	PINALES (conifers)
Class	PINOPSIDA (conifers)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Pinus nigra ssp nigra (Austrian Pine)

Pinus nigra ssp nigra (Austrian Pine) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Pinus nigra ssp nigra (Austrian Pine):

Pinus nigra
(Austrian Pine)

Pinus
(pines)

PINACEAE
(pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Ectomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

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