Protomyces macrosporus Unger
(an ascomycete)

Interactions where Protomyces macrosporus is the controlling partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of stem			APIACEAE	umbellifers	Apiales	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/	Apiaceae	umbellifers			stem				(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of live leaf			Aegopodium podagraria	Ground Elder, Ground-elder, Goutweed, Bishop’S Weed	Apiales: Apiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris, Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Aegopodium podagraria/	Aegopodium podagraria	ground elder, ground-elder, goutweed, bishop’s weed		live	leaf				(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of live stem			Aegopodium podagraria	Ground Elder, Ground-elder, Goutweed, Bishop’S Weed	Apiales: Apiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris, Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Aegopodium podagraria/	Aegopodium podagraria	ground elder, ground-elder, goutweed, bishop’s weed		live	stem				(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of			Angelica sylvestris	Wild Angelica	Apiales: Apiaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Angelica sylvestris/	Angelica sylvestris	wild angelica							(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of			Anthriscus sylvestris	Cow Parsley, Keck	Apiales: Apiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris, Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Anthriscus sylvestris/	Anthriscus sylvestris	cow parsley, keck							(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of conspicuously distorted leaf (young)			Anthriscus sylvestris	Cow Parsley, Keck	Apiales: Apiaceae	An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris, Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Anthriscus sylvestris/	Anthriscus sylvestris	cow parsley, keck		conspicuously distorted	leaf (young)				(late 10-3)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of live			Berula erecta	Lesser Water-parsnip	Apiales: Apiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Berula erecta/	Berula erecta	lesser water-parsnip		live					(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of			Conopodium majus	Pignut	Apiales: Apiaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Conopodium majus/	Conopodium majus	pignut							(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of			Oenanthe (Bot.)	water-dropworts	Apiales: Apiaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Oenanthe (Bot.)/	Oenanthe (Bot.)	water-dropworts							(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of			Oenanthe crocata	Hemlock Water-dropwort	Apiales: Apiaceae	An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris, Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Oenanthe crocata/	Oenanthe crocata	hemlock water-dropwort							(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of			Sium latifolium	Great Water-parsnip, Greater Water-parsnip	Apiales: Apiaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Sium latifolium/	Sium latifolium	great water-parsnip, greater water-parsnip							(3-10)
chlamydospore (embedded)		embedded chlamydospore causes gall of			Torilis japonica	Upright Hedge-parsley	Apiales: Apiaceae	An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris, Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Protomyces macrosporus/	Protomyces macrosporus	an ascomycete		embedded		chlamydospore	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Apiaceae/Torilis japonica/	Torilis japonica	upright hedge-parsley							(3-10)

Protomyces macrosporus (an ascomycete) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Protomyces macrosporus (an ascomycete) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Author & Year	Title	Source
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J., 2001	An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris	Mycologist Vol 15 (3): 119-125.
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Protomyces macrosporus (an ascomycete)
Family	TAPHRINACEAE (tongue fungi)
Order	TAPHRINALES (an order of ascomycetes)
Subclass	TAPHRINOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of ascomycetes)
Class	TAPHRINOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	TAPHRINOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Protomyces macrosporus is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Protomyces macrosporus (an ascomycete)

Identification Works

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Preece, T.F. & Hick, A.J.	2001	An introduction to the Protomycetales: Burenia inundata on Apium nodiflorum and Protomyces macrosporus on Anthriscus sylvestris	Mycologist Vol 15 (3): 119-125.

Protomyces macrosporus (an ascomycete) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

TAPHRINALES
(an order of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Protomyces macrosporus (an ascomycete):

TAPHRINALES
(an order of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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