Arum maculatum L.
(Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies, Lords-and-ladies)

Interactions where Arum maculatum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of Muntiacus reevesi Muntjac, Barking Deer, Chinese Muntjac Artiodactyla: Cervidae The Impact of Deer on Woodland Biodiversity, Gill, R., 2000
 /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Artiodactyla/Cervidae/Muntiacus reevesi/Muntiacus reevesimuntjac, barking deer, Chinese muntjac Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladies feeds on
flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult (female) UK/IrelandMinor Psychoda grisescens a moth fly Diptera: Psychodidae Lords & Ladies, Prime, C.T., 1960
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Psychodidae/Psychoda grisescens/Psychoda grisescensa moth flyadult (female) Plant / pollinatedUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesflowerMinor adult (female) pollinates or fertilises flower
flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult (female) Foreign Psychoda nervosa (A Moth Fly) Diptera: Psychodidae Lords & Ladies, Prime, C.T., 1960
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Psychodidae/Psychoda nervosa/Psychoda nervosa(a moth fly)adult (female) Plant / pollinatedForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesflower adult (female) pollinates or fertilises flower
flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult (female) UK/IrelandMajor Psychoda phalaenoides a moth fly Diptera: Psychodidae Lords & Ladies, Prime, C.T., 1960
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Psychodidae/Psychoda phalaenoides/Psychoda phalaenoidesa moth flyadult (female) Plant / pollinatedUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesflowerMajor adult (female) pollinates or fertilises flower
leaf (fading) fading leaf is foodplant of mostly epiphyllous, densely gregarious pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta ari a coelomycete Pleosporales Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta ari/Ascochyta aria coelomycetemostly epiphyllous, densely gregariouspycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesfadingleaf (5-7)mostly epiphyllous, densely gregarious pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph feeds on fading leaf
leaf (live, blistered) live, blistered leaf is spotted by immersed sorus UK/Ireland Melanustilospora ari Arum Smut Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Recent finds of an unusual fungus in the leaves of Arum maculatum in Shropshire - is it a smut?, Preece, T.F., & Mordue, E.M. & Hick, A.J., 1994
British Plant Galls - Identification of galls on plants and fungi, Redfern, M. & Shirley, P., 2002
European Smut Fungi, Vánky, K., 1994
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Melanustilospora ari/Melanustilospora ariarum smutimmersedsorus Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladieslive, blisteredleaf immersed sorus causes spots on live, blistered leaf
leaf (live, perforated) live, perforated leaf is grazed by adult Lilioceris lilii Lily Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Lilioceris lilii/Lilioceris liliilily beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladieslive, perforatedleaf (1-)5-7(-12)adult grazes on live, perforated leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Mycocentrospora anamorph Mycocentrospora acerina Carrot Liquorice Rot, Celery Crown or Crown and Stalk Rot (causative organisms) Pleosporales Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Mycocentrospora acerina/Mycocentrospora acerinacarrot liquorice rot, celery crown or crown and stalk rot (causative organisms)amphigenouscolonyMycocentrospora anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesliveleaf amphigenous colony of Mycocentrospora anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by Spermosporina anamorph UK/Ireland Spermosporina aricola an anamorphic fungus Plectosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995
Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Plectosphaerellaceae/Spermosporina aricola/Spermosporina aricolaan anamorphic fungusSpermosporina anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesliveleaf Spermosporina anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by pycnium Foreign Melampsora allii-populina a rust fungus Pucciniales: Melampsoraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
British Rust Fungi, Wilson, M., & Henderson, D., 1966
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Melampsoraceae/Melampsora allii-populina/Melampsora allii-populinaa rust funguspycnium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesliveleaf (5)pycnium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by caeomoid, grouped aecium Foreign Melampsora allii-populina a rust fungus Pucciniales: Melampsoraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
British Rust Fungi, Wilson, M., & Henderson, D., 1966
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Melampsoraceae/Melampsora allii-populina/Melampsora allii-populinaa rust funguscaeomoid, groupedaecium Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesliveleaf (5)caeomoid, grouped aecium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by pycnium Major Puccinia sessilis Lily-of-the-valley, Ramsons and Arum Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia sessilis/Puccinia sessilislily-of-the-valley, ramsons and arum rustpycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesliveleafMajor pycnium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, often circinate cluster cup of aecium Major Puccinia sessilis Lily-of-the-valley, Ramsons and Arum Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia sessilis/Puccinia sessilislily-of-the-valley, ramsons and arum rusthypophyllous, often circinatecluster cupaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladiesliveleafMajor hypophyllous, often circinate cluster cup of aecium parasitises live leaf
petiole (live) live petiole is spotted by immersed sorus UK/Ireland Melanustilospora ari Arum Smut Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae Recent finds of an unusual fungus in the leaves of Arum maculatum in Shropshire - is it a smut?, Preece, T.F., & Mordue, E.M. & Hick, A.J., 1994
European Smut Fungi, Vánky, K., 1994
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Melanustilospora ari/Melanustilospora ariarum smutimmersedsorus Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Alismatales/Araceae/Arum maculatum/Arum maculatumcuckoo pint, lords and ladies, lords-and-ladieslivepetiole immersed sorus causes spots on live petiole

Author & YearTitleSource
Braun, U., 1995Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Gill, R., 2000The Impact of Deer on Woodland BiodiversityForestry Commission Information Notes, 36, 6pp, Forestry Commission
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Preece, T.F., & Mordue, E.M. & Hick, A.J., 1994Recent finds of an unusual fungus in the leaves of Arum maculatum in Shropshire - is it a smut?Mycologist Vol 08 (2): 68-70.
Prime, C.T., 1960Lords & LadiesThe New Naturalist, 241pp, Collins
Redfern, M. & Shirley, P., 2002British Plant Galls - Identification of galls on plants and fungiAIDGAP Keys, 325pp, Field Studies Council
Vánky, K., 1994European Smut Fungi570pp, Gustav Fischer Verlag
Wilson, M., & Henderson, D., 1966British Rust Fungi384pp, Cambridge University Press

Arum maculatum (Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies, Lords-and-ladies) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesArum maculatum (Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies, Lords-and-ladies)
GenusArum (arums)
FamilyARACEAE (lords-and-ladies)
OrderALISMATALES (pond plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Arum maculatum (Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies, Lords-and-ladies)

Arum maculatum (Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies, Lords-and-ladies) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Prime, C.T. 1960 Lords & Ladies The New Naturalist, 241pp, Collins

Associated Species

Stringer, R.N., Smith, P.A. & Davies, R.H. 2011 Infection of Arum maculatum by the rust Puccinia sessilis at Carmel NNR, South Wales Field Mycology Vol 12 (1): 5-8.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Arum maculatum (Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies, Lords-and-ladies):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 61 images of Arum maculatum (Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies, Lords-and-ladies)

When the flower is ready, the spadix (the central pillar-like structure) emits strongly dung-smelling chemicals and metabolises sugars to generate heat - if you gently squeeze the spadix between your fingers you can feel the warmth and the smell remains on your fingers. This attracts female moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), mainly Psychoda phalaenoides. These alight on the surrounding spathe and eventually find their way through the hairs at the base of the spadix into the cavity at the bottom of the spathe.

The plant provides droplets of nectar to feed the moth flies from the ovules. In the process the flies transfer some of the pollen they are carrying onto the stigmas. The flies are held overnight. The following morning the anthers shed the pollen over the trapped flies and then the hairs wither and the moth flies escape.

Creative Commons License
This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)