Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758
(Brown Soft Scale, Brown Soft-scale)

Interactions where Coccus hesperidum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Hippeastrum	amaryllis	Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Amaryllidaceae/Hippeastrum/	Hippeastrum	amaryllis		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Hedera	ivies	Apiales: Araliaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Araliaceae/Hedera/	Hedera	ivies		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			AQUIFOLIACEAE	hollies	Aquifoliales	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/	Aquifoliaceae	hollies		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Camellia	camellias	Ericales: Theaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Theaceae/Camellia/	Camellia	camellias		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Escallonia	escallonias	Escalloniales: Escalloniaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Escalloniales/Escalloniaceae/Escallonia/	Escallonia	escallonias		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Nerium oleander	Oleander	Gentianales: Apocynaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Apocynaceae/Nerium oleander/	Nerium oleander	oleander		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Stephanotis floribunda	Madagascar Jasmine	Gentianales: Apocynaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Apocynaceae/Stephanotis floribunda/	Stephanotis floribunda	Madagascar jasmine		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Euphorbia pulcherrima	Poinsettia	Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia pulcherrima/	Euphorbia pulcherrima	poinsettia		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Abutilon theophrasti	Velvetleaf	Malvales: Malvaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malvales/Malvaceae/Abutilon theophrasti/	Abutilon theophrasti	velvetleaf		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Hibiscus	hibiscus	Malvales: Malvaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malvales/Malvaceae/Hibiscus/	Hibiscus	hibiscus		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Clematis	clematises	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Clematis/	Clematis	clematises		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Ficus	figs	Rosales: Moraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Moraceae/Ficus/	Ficus	figs		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Citrus	oranges and lemons	Sapindales: Rutaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Rutaceae/Citrus/	Citrus	oranges and lemons		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			Laurus nobilis	Bay, Bay Laurel	Laurales: Lauraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Laurales/Lauraceae/Laurus nobilis/	Laurus nobilis	bay, bay laurel		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)
(hypophyllous)		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf (near veins)			FILICOPSIDA	leptosporangiate ferns		Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Coccus hesperidum/	Coccus hesperidum	brown soft scale, brown soft-scale		hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Filicopsida/	Filicopsida	leptosporangiate ferns		live	leaf (near veins)				(1-12)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins

Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale, Brown Soft-scale) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

INSECTA
(true insects)

Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale, Brown Soft-scale) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

COCCOIDEA
(scale insects, coccids)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale, Brown Soft-scale)
Genus	Coccus (a genus of bugs)
Family	COCCIDAE (soft scales)
Superfamily	COCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids)
Suborder	STERNORRHYNCHA (a suborder of bugs)
Order	HEMIPTERA (bugs)
Division	Exopterygota (earwigs, grasshoppers, stoneflies, true bugs, and other insects with wings developing externally)
Infraclass	Neoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
Subclass	PTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
Class	INSECTA (true insects)
Subphylum	HEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
Phylum	ARTHROPODA (arthropods)
Superphylum	ECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
Clade	Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
Subkingdom	EUMETAZOA (metazoans)
Kingdom	ANIMALIA (animals)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Coccus hesperidum is also a member of:
Invertebrates - Invertebrates (via Arthropoda)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale, Brown Soft-scale)

Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale, Brown Soft-scale) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

COCCIDAE
(soft scales)

COCCOIDEA
(scale insects, coccids)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale, Brown Soft-scale):

COCCIDAE
(soft scales)

COCCOIDEA
(scale insects, coccids)

STERNORRHYNCHA
(a suborder of bugs)

HEMIPTERA
(bugs)

PTERYGOTA
(bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

EUMETAZOA
(metazoans)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

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