Ranunculus flammula L.
(Lesser Spearwort)

Interactions where Ranunculus flammula is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		is parasitised by			Erysiphe aquilegiae var ranunculi	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi/	Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi	a powdery mildew					Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort								parasitises
(live)		live is parasitised by sporangium			Peronospora ranunculi	a downy mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora ranunculi/	Peronospora ranunculi	a downy mildew				sporangium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort		live			Minor			sporangium parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by pycnium			Puccinia magnusiana	Reed/Buttercup Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia magnusiana/	Puccinia magnusiana	reed/buttercup rust				pycnium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort		live						pycnium parasitises live
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Bagous brevis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Bagous brevis/	Bagous brevis	a weevil				larva	Foodplant / open feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort			leaf		Sole			larva grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is mined by larva			Phytomyza ranunculi	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza ranunculi/	Phytomyza ranunculi	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort			leaf					larva mines leaf
leaf		leaf is spotted by amphigenous, immersed, black, subshining pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph			Septoria ficariae	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria ficariae/	Septoria ficariae	a leaf-spot fungus		amphigenous, immersed, black, subshining	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort			leaf				(5-7)	amphigenous, immersed, black, subshining pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf (fading)		fading leaf is spotted by densely aggregated, mostly epiphyllous, immersed then emergent, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph			Septoria polaris var scotica	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria polaris var. scotica/	Septoria polaris var. scotica	a leaf-spot fungus		densely aggregated, mostly epiphyllous, immersed then emergent, black	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort		fading	leaf				(7)	densely aggregated, mostly epiphyllous, immersed then emergent, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by amphigenous caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph			Ramularia didyma var didyma s.s. sensu Braun	an anamorphic ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia didyma var. didyma s.s. sensu Braun/	Ramularia didyma var. didyma s.s. sensu Braun	an anamorphic ascomycete		amphigenous	caespituli	Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort		live	leaf					amphigenous caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by hypophyllous, in small groups aecium			Puccinia magnusiana	Reed/Buttercup Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia magnusiana/	Puccinia magnusiana	reed/buttercup rust		hypophyllous, in small groups		aecium	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort		live	leaf					hypophyllous, in small groups aecium causes spots on live leaf
stem		stem is grazed by larva			Bagous brevis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Bagous brevis/	Bagous brevis	a weevil				larva	Foodplant / open feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Ranunculus flammula/	Ranunculus flammula	lesser spearwort			stem		Sole			larva grazes on stem

Author & Year	Title	Source
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Morris, M.G., 2002	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Preece, T.F., 2002	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles	33pp, British Mycological Society
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Ranunculus flammula (Lesser Spearwort) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Ranunculus
(buttercups and crowfoots)

RANUNCULACEAE
(buttercups, crowfoots)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Ranunculus flammula (Lesser Spearwort)
Genus	Ranunculus (buttercups and crowfoots)
Family	RANUNCULACEAE (buttercups, crowfoots)
Order	RANUNCULALES (buttercups, poppies and barberries)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Ranunculus flammula is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Ranunculaceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Ranunculus flammula (Lesser Spearwort)

Ranunculus flammula (Lesser Spearwort) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Ranunculus
(buttercups and crowfoots)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Ranunculus flammula (Lesser Spearwort):

Ranunculus
(buttercups and crowfoots)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 30 images of Ranunculus flammula (Lesser Spearwort)

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