Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
(Milk Thistle)

Interactions where Silybum marianum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(live) live is parasitised by Foreign Golovinomyces cichoracearum a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/Golovinomyces cichoracearuma powdery mildew Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelive parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by uredium Foreign Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae New British Records 142: Puccinia mariana Sacc., Gjaerum, H.B. & Dennis, R.W.G., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungusuredium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelive uredium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by telium Foreign Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae New British Records 142: Puccinia mariana Sacc., Gjaerum, H.B. & Dennis, R.W.G., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungustelium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelive telium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by telium Foreign Puccinia cruchetiana Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae New British Records 142: Puccinia mariana Sacc., Gjaerum, H.B. & Dennis, R.W.G., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia cruchetiana/Puccinia cruchetianatelium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelive telium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by uredium Foreign Puccinia cruchetiana Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae New British Records 142: Puccinia mariana Sacc., Gjaerum, H.B. & Dennis, R.W.G., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia cruchetiana/Puccinia cruchetianauredium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelive uredium parasitises live
capitulum (live) live capitulum may contain larva Foreign Acanthiophilus helianthi Knapweed Ghost Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Acanthiophilus helianthi/Acanthiophilus helianthiknapweed ghostlarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelivecapitulum larva feeds within live capitulum
capitulum (live) live capitulum may contain larva Foreign Terellia fuscicornis Artichoke Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Terellia fuscicornis (Loew, 1844) (Dipt., Tephritidae) new to Britain, Whittingrton, A.E., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Terellia fuscicornis/Terellia fuscicornisartichoke flylarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelivecapitulum larva feeds within live capitulum
capitulum (live) live capitulum may house puparium Foreign Terellia fuscicornis Artichoke Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Terellia fuscicornis (Loew, 1844) (Dipt., Tephritidae) new to Britain, Whittingrton, A.E., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Terellia fuscicornis/Terellia fuscicornisartichoke flypuparium Plant / resting place / withinForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelivecapitulum puparium may be found in live capitulum
capitulum (live) live capitulum is parasitised by Foreign Microbotryum silybum Microbotryales: Microbotryaceae Microbotryum silybum sp.nov. (Microbotryales), Vánky, K. & Berner, D., 2003
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Microbotryales/Microbotryaceae/Microbotryum silybum/Microbotryum silybum Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlelivecapitulum parasitises live capitulum
leaf (upper surface) (windowed) windowed leaf (upper surface) is grazed by hidden under carried excrement larva Lema cyanella a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Lema cyanella/Lema cyanellaa leaf beetlehidden under carried excrementlarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistlewindowedleaf (upper surface) hidden under carried excrement larva grazes on windowed leaf (upper surface)
leaf leaf is grazed by adult Lema cyanella a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Lema cyanella/Lema cyanellaa leaf beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistleleaf (1-12)adult grazes on leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foreign Ramularia cynarae emend U. Braun an anamorphic fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia cynarae emend U. Braun/Ramularia cynarae emend U. Braunan anamorphic fungusamphigenouscolonyRamularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistleliveleaf amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium UK/Ireland Puccinia mariana Milk Thistle Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae New British Records 142: Puccinia mariana Sacc., Gjaerum, H.B. & Dennis, R.W.G., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia mariana/Puccinia marianamilk thistle rustamphigenousuredium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistleliveleaf amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by mainly epiphyllous, long covered by epidermis telium UK/Ireland Puccinia mariana Milk Thistle Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae New British Records 142: Puccinia mariana Sacc., Gjaerum, H.B. & Dennis, R.W.G., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia mariana/Puccinia marianamilk thistle rustmainly epiphyllous, long covered by epidermistelium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Silybum marianum/Silybum marianummilk thistleliveleaf mainly epiphyllous, long covered by epidermis telium parasitises live leaf

Author & YearTitleSource
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Gjaerum, H.B. & Dennis, R.W.G., 1997New British Records 142: Puccinia mariana Sacc.Mycologist Vol 11 (4): 151.
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Vánky, K. & Berner, D., 2003Microbotryum silybum sp.nov. (Microbotryales)Mycotaxon Vol 85: 307-311.
White, I.M., 1988Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Whittingrton, A.E., 2002Terellia fuscicornis (Loew, 1844) (Dipt., Tephritidae) new to BritainEnt. Mon. Mag. Vol 138: 119-120.

Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesSilybum marianum (Milk Thistle)
TribeCardueae (“thistles”)
SubfamilyLACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
FamilyASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
OrderASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle)

Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 3 images of Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle)
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