Sonchus oleraceus L.
(Smooth Sow-thistle)

Interactions where Sonchus oleraceus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
has sap sucked by Foreign Liorhyssus hyalinus Scentless Plant Bug Hemiptera: Rhopalidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Rhopalidae/Liorhyssus hyalinus/Liorhyssus hyalinusscentless plant bug Foodplant / sap suckerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistle sucks sap of
(live) live is parasitised by UK/Ireland Golovinomyces cichoracearum a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/Golovinomyces cichoracearuma powdery mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlelive parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by uredium Coleosporium tussilaginis a rust fungus Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Coleosporium tussilaginis/Coleosporium tussilaginisa rust fungusuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlelive uredium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by telium Coleosporium tussilaginis a rust fungus Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Coleosporium tussilaginis/Coleosporium tussilaginisa rust fungustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlelive telium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by pycnium Major Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust funguspycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveMajor pycnium parasitises live
capitulum capitulum may contain larva UK/Ireland Ensina sonchi Sow-thistle Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Ensina sonchi/Ensina sonchisow-thistle flylarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlecapitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum is swollen by larva Foreign Tephritis formosa a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Tephritis formosa/Tephritis formosaa gall flylarva Foodplant / false gallForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlecapitulum larva causes swelling of capitulum
capitulum capitulum may contain larva Foreign Trupanea amoena a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Trupanea amoena/Trupanea amoenaa gall flylarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlecapitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum (live) live capitulum may contain larva Foreign Acanthiophilus helianthi Knapweed Ghost Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Acanthiophilus helianthi/Acanthiophilus helianthiknapweed ghostlarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlelivecapitulum larva feeds within live capitulum
leaf (esp. basal) (live) live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium Major Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungushypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveleaf (esp. basal)Major hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf (esp. basal)
leaf (esp. basal) (live) live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by hypophyllous telium Major Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungushypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveleaf (esp. basal)Major hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf (esp. basal)
leaf (esp. basal) (live) live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by uredinoid, amphigenous aecium Major Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungusuredinoid, amphigenousaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveleaf (esp. basal)Major uredinoid, amphigenous aecium parasitises live leaf (esp. basal)
leaf leaf is mined by often communal larva Liriomyza sonchi a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Liriomyza sonchi/Liriomyza sonchia leaf-mining flyoften communallarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleleaf often communal larva mines leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by sporangium UK/IrelandMinor Bremia lactucae s. lat. Lettuce Downy Mildew Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
New British hosts for the downy mildew Bremia lactucae, Legon, N. & Spooner, B., 2015
A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Bremia lactucae s. lat./Bremia lactucae s. lat.lettuce downy mildewsporangium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveleafMinor (9-10)sporangium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by immersed, rather crowded, blackish pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta sonchi a coelomycete Pleosporales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta sonchi/Ascochyta sonchia coelomyceteimmersed, rather crowded, blackishpycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveleaf (8)immersed, rather crowded, blackish pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph Alternaria sonchi a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Alternaria sonchi/Alternaria sonchia dematiaceous anamorphic fungusamphigenouscolonyAlternaria dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveleaf amphigenous colony of Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by Spermosporina anamorph Foreign Spermosporina sonchi-oleracei an anamorphic ascomycete Plectosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Plectosphaerellaceae/Spermosporina sonchi-oleracei/Spermosporina sonchi-oleraceian anamorphic ascomyceteSpermosporina anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistleliveleaf Spermosporina anamorph causes spots on live leaf
stem stem is mined by larva Phytoliriomyza arctica a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytoliriomyza arctica/Phytoliriomyza arcticaa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlestem larva mines stem
stem (live) live stem is parasitised by telium Major Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus oleraceus/Sonchus oleraceussmooth sow-thistlelivestemMajor telium parasitises live stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Braun, U., 1995Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N. & Spooner, B., 2015New British hosts for the downy mildew Bremia lactucaeField Mycology Vol 16 (1): 29-32.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Preece, T.F., 2002A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles33pp, British Mycological Society
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
White, I.M., 1988Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Sonchus oleraceus (Smooth Sow-thistle) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesSonchus oleraceus (Smooth Sow-thistle)
GenusSonchus (sow thistles)
TribeLactuceae (“dandelions”)
SubfamilyLACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
FamilyASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
OrderASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Sonchus oleraceus (Smooth Sow-thistle)

Sonchus oleraceus (Smooth Sow-thistle) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Sonchus oleraceus (Smooth Sow-thistle):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 58 images of Sonchus oleraceus (Smooth Sow-thistle)
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