Urophora cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Thistle Stem Gall-fly)

Interactions where Urophora cardui is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
larva larva causes gall of live stem UK/IrelandRestricted Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Asterales: Asteraceae Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora cardui/Urophora carduithistle stem gall-flylarva Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium arvense/Cirsium arvensecreeping thistlelivestemSole

Interactions where Urophora cardui is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Eurytoma compressa a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae The Natural History of Spear Thistle-heads, Redfern, M., 1968
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Eurytomidae/Eurytoma compressa/Eurytoma compressaa chalcid wasplarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora cardui/Urophora carduithistle stem gall-flylarva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Foreign Eurytoma robusta a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region, Basov, V.M., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Eurytomidae/Eurytoma robusta/Eurytoma robustaa chalcid wasplarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoidForeign /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora cardui/Urophora carduithistle stem gall-flylarva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Foreign Eurytoma serratulae a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region, Basov, V.M., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Eurytomidae/Eurytoma serratulae/Eurytoma serratulaea chalcid wasplarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoidForeign /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora cardui/Urophora carduithistle stem gall-flylarva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva is ectoparasitoid host of larva Habrocytus elevatus a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae The Natural History of Spear Thistle-heads, Redfern, M., 1968
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Pteromalidae/Habrocytus elevatus/Habrocytus elevatusa chalcid wasplarva Animal / parasitoid / ectoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora cardui/Urophora carduithistle stem gall-flylarva larva is ectoparasitoid of larva
larva is ectoparasitoid host of larva Torymus chloromerus a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Torymidae Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region, Basov, V.M., 2002
The Natural History of Spear Thistle-heads, Redfern, M., 1968
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Torymidae/Torymus chloromerus/Torymus chloromerusa chalcid wasplarva Animal / parasitoid / ectoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora cardui/Urophora carduithistle stem gall-flylarva larva is ectoparasitoid of larva

Author & YearTitleSource
Basov, V.M., 2002Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama regionEuropean Journal of Entomology Vol 99 (3): 277-284.
Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992Plant GallsNaturalists’ Handbooks, No 17, 99pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Redfern, M., 1968The Natural History of Spear Thistle-headsField Studies Vol 2, No 5: 669-717.
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
White, I.M., 1988Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Urophora cardui (Thistle Stem Gall-fly) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Urophora cardui (Thistle Stem Gall-fly) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesUrophora cardui (Thistle Stem Gall-fly)
GenusUrophora (a genus of gall flies)
FamilyTEPHRITIDAE (gall-flies, greater fruit flies)
SuperfamilyTEPHRITOIDEA (lance and picture-wing flies)
InfraorderSchizophora - Acalyptratae (an infraorder of flies)
OrderDIPTERA (two-winged flies)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Urophora cardui (Thistle Stem Gall-fly)

Urophora cardui (Thistle Stem Gall-fly) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Pathology

Basov, V.M. 2002 Superparasitism by Torymus cyanimus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in the Volga-Kama region European Journal of Entomology Vol 99 (3): 277-284.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Urophora cardui (Thistle Stem Gall-fly):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 46 images of Urophora cardui (Thistle Stem Gall-fly)
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