Verbascum nigrum L.
(Dark Mullein)

Interactions where Verbascum nigrum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		may shelter hibernating			Tingis reticulata	Bugle Lacebug	Hemiptera: Tingidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Tingidae/Tingis (Tropidocheila) reticulata/	Tingis (Tropidocheila) reticulata	bugle lacebug					Plant / hibernates / under			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein								overwinters under
		is foodplant of pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph			Phoma verbascicola	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phoma verbascicola/	Phoma verbascicola	a coelomycete			pycnidium	Phoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein								pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
(live)		live is parasitised by conidial anamorph			Leveillula verbasci	Mullein Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Leveillula verbasci/	Leveillula verbasci	mullein mildew				conidial anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein		live					(10-11)	conidial anamorph parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by cleistothecium			Leveillula verbasci	Mullein Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Leveillula verbasci/	Leveillula verbasci	mullein mildew				cleistothecium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein		live					(10-11)	cleistothecium parasitises live
inflorescence		inflorescence is grazed by larva			Cionus nigritarsis	a mullein weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Cionus nigritarsis/	Cionus nigritarsis	a mullein weevil				larva	Foodplant / open feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein			inflorescence		Major			larva grazes on inflorescence
leaf		leaf is grazed by nocturnal larva			Tenthredo scrophulariae	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Tenthredo (Tenthredo) scrophulariae/	Tenthredo (Tenthredo) scrophulariae	a sawfly		nocturnal		larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein			leaf					nocturnal larva grazes on leaf
leaf (live or fading)		live or fading leaf has leaves shot holed by effuse, amphigenous colony of Thedgonia anamorph			Thedgonia bellocensis	an anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Thedgonia bellocensis/	Thedgonia bellocensis	an anamorphic fungus		effuse, amphigenous	colony	Thedgonia anamorph	Foodplant / shot hole causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein		live or fading	leaf				(10)	effuse, amphigenous colony of Thedgonia anamorph causes shot holes on live or fading leaf
leaf (live or fading)		live or fading leaf is spotted by effuse, amphigenous colony of Thedgonia anamorph			Thedgonia bellocensis	an anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Thedgonia bellocensis/	Thedgonia bellocensis	an anamorphic fungus		effuse, amphigenous	colony	Thedgonia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein		live or fading	leaf				(10)	effuse, amphigenous colony of Thedgonia anamorph causes spots on live or fading leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by mostly hypophyllous, punctiform to subeffuse, greyish white caespituli of Ramularia anamorph			Mycosphaerella mariae	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella mariae/	Mycosphaerella mariae	an ascomycete		mostly hypophyllous, punctiform to subeffuse, greyish white	caespituli	Ramularia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein		live	leaf					mostly hypophyllous, punctiform to subeffuse, greyish white caespituli of Ramularia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
shoot (pale yellow)		pale yellow shoot may be infected and damaged by sporangium			Peronospora verbasci	a downy mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Peronospora sordida, Hall, G., 1961 A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora verbasci/	Peronospora verbasci	a downy mildew				sporangium	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Scrophulariaceae/Verbascum nigrum/	Verbascum nigrum	dark mullein		pale yellow	shoot					sporangium infects and damages pale yellow shoot

Verbascum nigrum (Dark Mullein) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Verbascum
(mulleins)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Benson, R.B., 1952	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Braun, U., 1995	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Hall, G., 1961	Peronospora sordida	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1062.
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Morris, M.G., 2002	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Preece, T.F., 2002	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles	33pp, British Mycological Society
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Verbascum nigrum (Dark Mullein)
Genus	Verbascum (mulleins)
Family	SCROPHULARIACEAE (figworts and mulleins)
Order	LAMIALES (dead-nettles, eye-brights, foxgloves and speedwells)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Verbascum nigrum is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Scrophulariaceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Verbascum nigrum (Dark Mullein)

Verbascum nigrum (Dark Mullein) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Verbascum nigrum (Dark Mullein):

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

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