Betula pubescens Ehrh.
(Downy Birch)

Interactions where Betula pubescens is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
may have adult Foreign Cryptocephalus frontalis a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus frontalis/Cryptocephalus frontalisa leaf beetleadult Plant / resting place / onForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birch (5-8)adult may be found on
has sap sucked by Betulaphis quadrituberculata an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Betulaphis quadrituberculata/Betulaphis quadrituberculataan aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birch sucks sap of
has sap sucked by solitary Euceraphis punctipennis an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Euceraphis punctipennis/Euceraphis punctipennisan aphidsolitary Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birch solitary sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Glyphina betulae an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Glyphina betulae/Glyphina betulaean aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birch sucks sap of
is parasitised by UK/Ireland Erysiphe ornata var europaea a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe ornata var. europaea/Erysiphe ornata var. europaeaa powdery mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birch parasitises
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stroma Rare Hypoxylon fragiforme Beech Woodwart Xylariales: Xylariaceae Hypoxylon in Britain and Ireland. 2. Hypoxylon rubiginosum and its allies, Anderson, R., 2008
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Hypoxylon fragiforme/Hypoxylon fragiformebeech woodwartstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchdeadbranchRare stroma is saprobic on dead branch
cambium cambium of especially weakened or moribund may contain larva Scolytus ratzeburgii Birch Bark Beetle Coleoptera: Curculionidae Ophiostoma denticiliatum sp. nov. and other Ophiostoma species associated with the birch bark beetle in southern Norway, Linnakoski, R., de Beer, Z.W., Rousi, M., Solheim, H. & Wingfield, M.J., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Scolytus ratzeburgii/Scolytus ratzeburgiibirch bark beetlelarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchcambiumespecially weakened or moribund larva feeds within cambium of especially weakened or moribund
catkin (fallen) fallen catkin is grazed by mobile cased larva Captivity Cryptocephalus coryli Hazel Pot Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus coryli/Cryptocephalus corylihazel pot beetlelarva Foodplant / mobile cased feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchfallencatkin Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedlarva grazes in mobile case on fallen catkin
fruit pedicel fruit pedicel is galled by larva Major Semudobia skuhravae a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Semudobia skuhravae/Semudobia skuhravaea gall midgelarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchfruit pedicelMajor larva causes gall of fruit pedicel
fruit (live, wingless or with reduced wings) live, wingless or with reduced wings fruit is galled by larva Major Semudobia tarda a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Semudobia tarda/Semudobia tardaa gall midgelarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchlive, wingless or with reduced wingsfruitMajor larva causes gall of live, wingless or with reduced wings fruit
fruit (reduced-winged) reduced-winged fruit is galled by larva Minor Semudobia betulae a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Semudobia betulae/Semudobia betulaea gall midgelarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchreduced-wingedfruitMinor (-6(7)larva causes gall of reduced-winged fruit
leaf leaf is foodplant of adult Captivity Cryptocephalus coryli Hazel Pot Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus coryli/Cryptocephalus corylihazel pot beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchleaf Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally induced(early 4-)5-6(-12)adult feeds on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by adult UK/Ireland Cryptocephalus decemmaculatus 10-spotted Pot Beetle, Ten-spotted Pot Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus decemmaculatus/Cryptocephalus decemmaculatus10-spotted pot beetle, ten-spotted pot beetleadult Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchleaf (5-8)adult grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva UK/Ireland Anoplus plantaris a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Anoplus plantaris/Anoplus plantarisa weevillarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Major Fenusa pumila a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Fenusa pumila/Fenusa pumilaa sawflylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchleafMajor larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Major Fenusella nana a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Fenusella nana/Fenusella nanaa sawflylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchleafMajor larva mines leaf
leaf (fallen) fallen leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva MajorCaptivity Cryptocephalus coryli Hazel Pot Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus coryli/Cryptocephalus corylihazel pot beetlelarva Foodplant / mobile cased feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchfallenleafMajor Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedlarva grazes in mobile case on fallen leaf
leaf (live) live leaf of sapling is grazed by adult Major Cryptocephalus nitidulus Shining Pot Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus nitidulus/Cryptocephalus nitidulusshining pot beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleafsaplingMajor (early 5-9)adult grazes on live leaf of sapling
leaf (live) live leaf is galled by solitary larva Major Anisostephus betulinus a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Anisostephus betulinus/Anisostephus betulinusa gall midgesolitarylarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleafMajor (-8 or 9)solitary larva causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria betulae a coelomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae First report of Septoria betulae causing leaf spot of birch in the United Kingdom, Green, S., 2005
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria betulae/Septoria betulaea coelomyceteSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleaf Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous UK/Ireland Phyllactinia betulae Birch Mildew, Birch Powdery Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Wales: An Identification Guide and Census Catalogue, Chater, A.O. & Woods, R.G., 2019
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Phyllactinia betulae/Phyllactinia betulaebirch mildew, birch powdery mildewhypophyllous Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleaf hypophyllous parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf of esp. young trees is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium Foreign Melampsoridium betulinum Birch Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves, Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleafesp. young trees (8-10)hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees
leaf (live) live leaf of esp. young trees is parasitised by hypophyllous telium Foreign Melampsoridium betulinum Birch Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leaves, Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsoridium betulinum/Melampsoridium betulinumbirch rusthypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchliveleafesp. young trees (8-10)hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf of esp. young trees
pollen pollen of sapling is grazed by adult Major Cryptocephalus nitidulus Shining Pot Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus nitidulus/Cryptocephalus nitidulusshining pot beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchpollensaplingMajor (early 5-9)adult grazes on pollen of sapling
root root is parasitised by UK/Ireland Melampyrum sylvaticum Small Cow-wheat Lamiales: Orobanchaceae Small Cow-wheat Melampyrum sylvaticum L.: Scrophulariaceae in England, Tennant, D.J., 2008
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Melampyrum sylvaticum/Melampyrum sylvaticumsmall cow-wheat Foodplant / hemiparasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchroot is hemiparasitic on root
sap wood sap wood may be infected and damaged by mycelium Foreign Ophiostoma denticiliatum (A Blue-stain Fungus) Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae Ophiostoma denticiliatum sp. nov. and other Ophiostoma species associated with the birch bark beetle in southern Norway, Linnakoski, R., de Beer, Z.W., Rousi, M., Solheim, H. & Wingfield, M.J., 2009
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Ophiostomatales/Ophiostomataceae/Ophiostoma denticiliatum/Ophiostoma denticiliatum(a blue-stain fungus)mycelium Foodplant / pathogenForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchsap wood mycelium infects and damages sap wood
stump (base) (dead, rotting) dead, rotting stump (base) is decayed by Harposporium anamorph UK/Ireland Harposporium helicoides a nematode-trapping fungus Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae Predacious fungi from rotten wood, Dixon, S.M., 1952
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Harposporium helicoides/Harposporium helicoidesa nematode-trapping fungusHarposporium anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchdead, rottingstump (base) Harposporium anamorph is saprobic on dead, rotting stump (base)
trunk (live) live trunk is galled by fruitbody UK/Ireland Inonotus obliquus Chaga Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae A note on the distribution of Poria obliqua (Pers.) Bres., Batko, S., 1950
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Inonotus obliquus/Inonotus obliquuschagafruitbody Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchlivetrunk fruitbody causes gall of live trunk
trunk (live) live trunk is parasitised by fruitbody ForeignMajor Phellinus cinereus (A Bracket Fungus) Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae Phellinus igniarius and its closest relatives in Europe, Fischer, M., 1995
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Phellinus cinereus/Phellinus cinereus(a bracket fungus)fruitbody Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birchlivetrunkMajor fruitbody parasitises live trunk
twig twig is galled by Questionable Taphrina betulina Birch Besom Taphrinales: Taphrinaceae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Taphrina betulina/Taphrina betulinabirch besom Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula pubescens/Betula pubescensdowny birch?twig causes gall of twig

Author & YearTitleSource
Anderson, R., 2008Hypoxylon in Britain and Ireland. 2. Hypoxylon rubiginosum and its alliesField Mycology Vol 9 (2): 41-48.
Batko, S., 1950A note on the distribution of Poria obliqua (Pers.) Bres.TBMS Vol 33 (1+2): 105-106, Plate 8.
Benson, R.B., 1952Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Chater, A.O. & Woods, R.G., 2019The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Wales: An Identification Guide and Census Catalogue58pp
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Dixon, S.M., 1952Predacious fungi from rotten woodTBMS Vol 35 (2): 144-148.
Fischer, M., 1995Phellinus igniarius and its closest relatives in EuropeMycol. Res. Vol 99 (6): 735-744.
Green, S., 2005First report of Septoria betulae causing leaf spot of birch in the United KingdomNew Disease Reports Vol 11.
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Kurkela, T., Hanso, M & Hantula, J., 1999Differentiating characteristics between Melampsoridium rusts infecting birch and alder leavesMycologia Vol 91 (6): 987-922.
Linnakoski, R., de Beer, Z.W., Rousi, M., Solheim, H. & Wingfield, M.J., 2009Ophiostoma denticiliatum sp. nov. and other Ophiostoma species associated with the birch bark beetle in southern NorwayPersoonia Vol 23: 9-15.
Morris, M.G., 2002True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to SmicronychinaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992Plant GallsNaturalists’ Handbooks, No 17, 99pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Rotheray, G.E., 1989Aphid PredatorsNaturalists' Handbooks, 11, 77pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
Tennant, D.J., 2008Small Cow-wheat Melampyrum sylvaticum L.: Scrophulariaceae in EnglandWatsonia Vol 27, No 1: 23-36.

Betula pubescens (Downy Birch) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesBetula pubescens (Downy Birch)
GenusBetula (birches)
FamilyBETULACEAE (birches, hazels, hornbeams and alders)
OrderFAGALES (forest trees)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Betula pubescens (Downy Birch)

Betula pubescens (Downy Birch) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Betula pubescens (Downy Birch):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 17 images of Betula pubescens (Downy Birch)
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