Euonymus L.
(spindles)

Interactions where Euonymus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(live) live has sap sucked by Foreign Pulvinaria hydrangeae Hydrangea Scale, Hydrangea Scale Insect Hemiptera: Coccidae Changes in status and distribution of Hydrangea Scale, Pulvinaria hydrangeae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Britain, Salisbury, A. & Malumphy, C., 2017
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Pulvinaria hydrangeae/Pulvinaria hydrangeaehydrangea scale, hydrangea scale insect Foodplant / sap suckerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindleslive sucks sap of live
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by subcortical stroma Eutypella scoparia a stromatic pyrenomycete Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella scoparia/Eutypella scopariaa stromatic pyrenomycetesubcorticalstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesdeadbranch (1-4)subcortical stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by subcortical synnema of Harpographium anamorph Eutypella scoparia a stromatic pyrenomycete Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella scoparia/Eutypella scopariaa stromatic pyrenomycetesubcorticalsynnemaHarpographium anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesdeadbranch (1-4)subcortical synnema of Harpographium anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by subcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent necked perithecium Eutypella scoparia a stromatic pyrenomycete Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella scoparia/Eutypella scopariaa stromatic pyrenomycetesubcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent neckedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesdeadbranch (1-4)subcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent necked perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Helminthosporium velutinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Massarinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Massarinaceae/Helminthosporium velutinum/Helminthosporium velutinuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyHelminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesfallen, deadbranch effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
leaf (edge) leaf (edge) is grazed by nocturnal adult Major Otiorhynchus sulcatus Vine Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae RHS Gardening For All, RHS
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Otiorhynchus (Dorymerus) sulcatus/Otiorhynchus (Dorymerus) sulcatusvine weevilnocturnaladult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesleaf (edge)Major nocturnal adult grazes on leaf (edge)
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by caterpillar Minor Abraxas grossulariata Magpie Moth Lepidoptera: Geometridae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Geometridae/Abraxas grossulariata/Abraxas grossulariatamagpie mothcaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/EuonymusspindlesliveleafMinor (4-6)caterpillar grazes on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spun by caterpillar Cacoecimorpha pronubana Carnation Tortrix, Mediterranean Leaf Roller Lepidoptera: Tortricidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Tortricidae/Cacoecimorpha pronubana/Cacoecimorpha pronubanacarnation tortrix, mediterranean leaf rollercaterpillar Foodplant / spinner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesliveleaf caterpillar spins live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has sap sucked by hypophyllous UK/Ireland Pulvinaria floccifera Cushion Scale, Cottony Camellia Scale Hemiptera: Coccidae Cottony camellia scale, an increasingly important horticultural pest, Anon., 2009
Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Pulvinaria floccifera/Pulvinaria flocciferacushion scale, cottony camellia scalehypophyllous Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesliveleaf hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has sap sucked by hypophyllous male Minor Unaspis euonymi Euonymus Scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Unaspis euonymi/Unaspis euonymiEuonymus scalehypophyllousmale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/EuonymusspindlesliveleafMinor hypophyllous male sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by Cercosporella anamorph Foreign Cercosporella euonymi (A Leaf-spot Fungus) Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Cercosporella euonymi/Cercosporella euonymi(a leaf-spot fungus)Cercosporella anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesliveleaf Cercosporella anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by Questionable Strawberry Latent Ringspot virus a phytopathogenic virus Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Strawberry Latent Ringspot virus/Strawberry Latent Ringspot virusa phytopathogenic virus Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindles?liveleaf causes spots on live leaf
shoot (young) (often stunted, curled) often stunted, curled shoot (young) has sap sucked by densely clustered Aphis fabae Black Bean Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aphis (Aphis) fabae/Aphis (Aphis) fabaeblack bean aphiddensely clustered Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesoften stunted, curledshoot (young) (early spring)densely clustered sucks sap of often stunted, curled shoot (young)
stem (esp. base) stem (esp. base) is galled by Rhizobium radiobacter Crown Gall - causative organism Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Proteobacteria/Alphaproteobacteria/Rhizobiales/Rhizobiaceae/Rhizobium radiobacter/Rhizobium radiobactercrown gall (causative organism) Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesstem (esp. base) causes gall of stem (esp. base)
stem (live) live stem has sap sucked by densely colonial female Minor Unaspis euonymi Euonymus Scale Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Unaspis euonymi/Unaspis euonymiEuonymus scaledensely colonialfemale Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/EuonymusspindleslivestemMinor densely colonial female sucks sap of live stem
twig (fallen, dead) fallen, dead twig is decayed by effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Helminthosporium velutinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Massarinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Massarinaceae/Helminthosporium velutinum/Helminthosporium velutinuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyHelminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindlesfallen, deadtwig effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead twig
wood wood is decayed by immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium Diaporthe eres a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/Diaporthe eresa pyrenomyceteimmersed, often loosely groupedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Celastrales/Celastraceae/Euonymus/Euonymusspindleswood immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium is saprobic on wood

Euonymus (spindles) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Author & YearTitleSource
RHSRHS Gardening For Allwww.rhs.org.uk/index.asp
Anon., 2009Cottony camellia scale, an increasingly important horticultural pestPlant Clinic News June 09: 1.
Braun, U., 1995Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Salisbury, A. & Malumphy, C., 2017Changes in status and distribution of Hydrangea Scale, Pulvinaria hydrangeae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in BritainBR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST. Vol 30: 145-153.
Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Euonymus americanus
Strawberry Bush, Bursting Hearts
Species 2 trophisms
Euonymus europaeus
Spindle
Species 23 trophisms
Euonymus fortunei
a flowering plant
Species 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms
Euonymus japonicus
Evergreen Spindle, Japanese Spindle
Species 18 trophisms
Euonymus latifolius
Large-leaved Spindle
Species 1 trophisms
Euonymus nanus
a spindle
Species 1 trophisms
Euonymus verrucosus
a spindle
Species 1 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusEuonymus (spindles)
FamilyCELASTRACEAE (spindles)
OrderCELASTRALES (spindles and grass of Parnassus)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Euonymus (spindles)

Euonymus (spindles) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Euonymus (spindles):

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